The Role of Healthcare Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior for De-Carbonization: An Energy Conservation Approach from CSR Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
3.1. Participants and Procedure
3.2. Instrumentation
3.3. Measures
4. Results
4.1. Validity and Reliability
4.2. Correlations and Divergent Validity
4.3. Hypotheses Validation
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Limitations and Future Research Guidelines
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. The Items Used in the Survey
Items |
Our hospital participates in activities that aim to protect and improve the quality of the natural environment (CSR-1) |
Our hospital makes investments to create a better life for future generations (CSR-2) |
Our hospital implements special programs to minimize its negative impact on the natural environment (CSR-3) |
Our hospital targets sustainable growth, which considers the future generations (CSR-4) |
Our hospital supports the non-governmental organizations that work in the problematic areas (CSR-5) |
Our hospital contributes to the campaigns and projects that promote the well-being of society (CSR-6) |
Our hospital encourages its employees to participate in voluntary activities (CSR-7) |
Our hospital’s policies encourage the employees to develop their skills and careers (CSR-8) |
The management of this hospital is primarily concerned with the employees’ needs and wants (CSR-9) |
Our hospital implements flexible policies to provide a good work environment and life balance for its employees (CSR-10) |
The managerial decisions related to the employees are usually fair (CSR-11) |
This bank supports employees who want to acquire additional education (CSR-12) |
I switch off the lights when I leave my office for a considerable period of time, and there is no one else (PEB-1) |
I switch off the air conditioner when the outside climate is ok (PEB-2) |
I check whether thermostats of heating or cooling devices are set correctly in my office ( (PEB-3) |
Instead of using air conditioner or a heating device, I wear suitable clothes to deal with the weather situation. (PEB-4) |
The process design ensures there are emission filters and end-of-pipe controls in our hospital (GOP-1) |
The process design is focused on reducing energy and natural resources consumption in operations (GOP-2) |
Operational planning and control is focused on reducing waste and optimizing materials exploitation (GOP-3) |
Our hospital prefers clean technology/equipment in the operational process (GOP-4) |
Our hospital prefers purchasing green equipment for the operational process (GOP-5) |
During supplier selection, environmental criteria are checked (GOP-6) |
Wherever possible our hospital combines several individual consignments (e.g., medicines and other equipment) to make a full container load (GOP-7) |
Our hospital prefers cleaner transportation methods (GOP-8) |
Our hospital prefers recyclable or reusable packaging/containers in logistics (GOP-9) |
Our hospital prefers ecological materials for primary packaging (GOP-10) |
The operational processes have recuperation and recycling systems (GOP-11) |
The process design ensures responsible disposal of hospital wastes (GOP-12) |
Unity with nature (ALV-1) |
Preventing pollution (ALV-2) |
Protecting the environment (ALV-3) |
Respecting the Earth (ALV-4) |
Social justice (ALV-5) |
A world at peace (ALV-6) |
Helpful to others (ALV-7) |
Equality (ALV-8) |
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Demographic | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 256 | 58.05 |
Female | 185 | 41.95 |
Age-group (Year) | ||
18–25 | 88 | 19.95 |
26–30 | 112 | 25.40 |
31–35 | 102 | 23.13 |
36–40 | 83 | 18.82 |
Above 40 | 56 | 12.70 |
Experience (Years) | ||
1–3 | 96 | 21.77 |
4–6 | 177 | 40.14 |
7–9 | 101 | 22.90 |
Above | 67 | 15.19 |
Education | ||
Graduate (14 years) | 289 | 65.53 |
Masters | 152 | 34.47 |
Total | 441 | 100 |
Λ | λ2 | S.E | T.Values | E-Variance | AVE | C.R | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSR | 0.621 | 0.951 | |||||
0.718 | 0.516 | 0.052 | 13.81 | 0.484 | |||
0.736 | 0.542 | 0.048 | 15.33 | 0.458 | |||
0.722 | 0.521 | 0.049 | 14.73 | 0.479 | |||
0.763 | 0.582 | 0.044 | 17.34 | 0.418 | |||
0.728 | 0.530 | 0.058 | 12.55 | 0.470 | |||
0.866 | 0.750 | 0.039 | 22.21 | 0.250 | |||
0.828 | 0.686 | 0.041 | 20.20 | 0.314 | |||
0.813 | 0.661 | 0.043 | 18.91 | 0.339 | |||
0.788 | 0.621 | 0.045 | 17.51 | 0.379 | |||
0.792 | 0.627 | 0.044 | 18.00 | 0.373 | |||
0.798 | 0.637 | 0.040 | 19.95 | 0.363 | |||
0.882 | 0.778 | 0.038 | 23.21 | 0.222 | |||
GOP | 0.546 | 0.923 | |||||
0.711 | 0.506 | 0.064 | 11.11 | 0.494 | |||
0.829 | 0.687 | 0.039 | 21.26 | 0.313 | |||
0.733 | 0.537 | 0.055 | 13.33 | 0.463 | |||
0.712 | 0.507 | 0.059 | 12.07 | 0.493 | |||
0.727 | 0.529 | 0.057 | 12.75 | 0.471 | |||
0.708 | 0.501 | 0.062 | 11.42 | 0.499 | |||
0.719 | 0.517 | 0.054 | 13.31 | 0.483 | |||
0.702 | 0.493 | 0.051 | 13.76 | 0.507 | |||
0.717 | 0.514 | 0.048 | 14.94 | 0.486 | |||
0.818 | 0.669 | 0.037 | 22.11 | 0.331 | |||
PEB | 0.636 | 0.875 | |||||
0.782 | 0.612 | 0.039 | 20.05 | 0.388 | |||
0.768 | 0.590 | 0.042 | 18.29 | 0.410 | |||
0.816 | 0.666 | 0.035 | 23.31 | 0.334 | |||
0.822 | 0.676 | 0.033 | 24.91 | 0.324 | |||
A.L.V | 0.567 | 0.901 | |||||
0.761 | 0.579 | 0.055 | 13.84 | 0.421 | |||
0.723 | 0.523 | 0.059 | 12.25 | 0.477 | |||
0.704 | 0.496 | 0.057 | 12.35 | 0.504 | |||
0.733 | 0.537 | 0.062 | 11.82 | 0.463 | |||
0.705 | 0.497 | 0.054 | 13.06 | 0.503 | |||
0.811 | 0.658 | 0.051 | 15.90 | 0.342 | |||
0.826 | 0.682 | 0.048 | 17.21 | 0.318 |
Construct | CSR | GOP | PEB | A.L.V | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSR | 0.788 | 0.322 ** | 0.489 ** | 0.444 ** | 2.88 | 0.73 |
GOP | 0.739 | 0.463 ** | 0.396 ** | 2.93 | 0.77 | |
PEB | 0.797 | 0.428 ** | 3.26 | 0.49 | ||
A.L.V | 0.753 ** | 3.17 | 0.42 |
Model | χ2 | df | χ2/df | Δχ2/df | NFI | CFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-factor (model-4) | 1396.684 | 692 | 2.018 | _ | 0.946 | 0.951 | 0.046 |
3-factor (model-3) | 1825.569 | 667 | 2.736 | 0.655 | 0.878 | 0.893 | 0.049 |
2-factor (model-2) | 1981.792 | 522 | 3.796 | 1.060 | 0.844 | 0.845 | 0.066 |
1-factor (model-1) | 2258.281 | 518 | 4.359 | 0.563 | 0.786 | 0.791 | 0.074 |
Hypotheses | Relationship Nature | Beta Value (SE) | t-Value | p-Value | CI | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1: PEB←CSR | + | (β1) 0.493 **(0.042) | 11.738 | *** | 0.639–0.792 | Accepted |
H2: GOP←CSR | + | (β2) 0.362 **(0.051) | 7.098 | *** | 0.733–0.810 | Accepted |
Path | Estimates | S.E | t-Value | p-Value | CI | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H3:PEB←GOP←CSR | (β3) 0.183 ** | 0.026 | 7.038 | *** | 0.428–0.511 | Accepted |
H4:CSR→GOP→PEB | (β4) 0.276 ** | 0.019 | 14.52 | *** | 0.393–0.399 | Accepted |
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Xu, L.; Cherian, J.; Zaheer, M.; Sial, M.S.; Comite, U.; Cismas, L.M.; Cristia, J.F.E.; Oláh, J. The Role of Healthcare Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior for De-Carbonization: An Energy Conservation Approach from CSR Perspective. Energies 2022, 15, 3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093429
Xu L, Cherian J, Zaheer M, Sial MS, Comite U, Cismas LM, Cristia JFE, Oláh J. The Role of Healthcare Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior for De-Carbonization: An Energy Conservation Approach from CSR Perspective. Energies. 2022; 15(9):3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093429
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Li, Jacob Cherian, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Ubaldo Comite, Laura Mariana Cismas, Juan Felipe Espinosa Cristia, and Judit Oláh. 2022. "The Role of Healthcare Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior for De-Carbonization: An Energy Conservation Approach from CSR Perspective" Energies 15, no. 9: 3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093429