Degradation of Oil and Petroleum Products in Water by Bioorganic Compositions Based on Humic Acids

The use of nature-like technologies, leading to acceleration of the processes of natural destruction of pollutants, is one of the promising directions for oil and petroleum product degradation in the environment. The joint use of oil-degrading bacteria and natural polymers with the properties of surfactants and humic acids (HAs) in bioorganic compositions is effective. In this study, humic acids from reed peat, which have a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.6 g/L, were used as an organic component. Oil-degrading bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas, which have an increased biodegrading ability in relation to crude oil and waste engine oil, were used as a bacterial component. Mono- and polybacterial bioorganic compositions based on these components are proposed. The emulsification index is maximum (94% ± 2%) using a bioorganic composition based on the association of strains of three bacteria. Analysis of films of model petroleum products in vitro showed a high degree of their destruction after 7 days using monobacterial bioorganic compositions (up to 80%) and after 2 days using a bioorganic composition based on 3 strains (almost 90%). A high ability to stabilize emulsions of humic acids and develop bioorganic compositions has been established, which indicates a significant potential for their use for cleaning the environment from oil pollution. The use of a combination of humic acids and oil-degrading bacteria (all strains) makes it possible to achieve the maximum stabilizing effect of emulsions: the transmission coefficients of emulsions are 37–75% lower relative to control (oil-polluted water) and 50% lower in relation to humic acids.