Investigation of the Pore Characteristics and Capillary Forces in Shale before and after Reaction with Supercritical CO2 and Slickwater
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Description and Preparation
2.2. CO2 Treatment Procedure
2.3. XRD Analysis
2.4. N2 Adsorption Analysis
2.5. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) Test
2.6. Contact Angle Measurement
3. Results
3.1. Mineral Compositions before and after Treatment
3.2. Analysis of the Pore Characteristics Based on N2 Adsorption Isotherms
3.2.1. Analysis of the Pore Characteristics Based on N2
3.2.2. Changes of the Pore-Structure Parameters Based on N2
3.2.3. Fractal Dimensions of Sample Based on N2 Isotherms
3.3. Analysis of the Pore Characteristics Based on MIP
3.4. Effect of ScCO2 and Slickwater on the Wettability of Shale Surface
3.5. Implications for the CO2 Geological Sequestration and Shale Gas Recovery
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Quartz | Calcite | Dolomite | Plagioclase | Pyrite | Total Clay | Kaolinite | Illite | Clinochlore |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated | 24.2 | 9.43 | 1.09 | 14.27 | 1.12 | 49.89 | 24.41 | 12.36 | 13.12 |
ScCO2–slickwater | 15.07 | 13.37 | 1.62 | 4.96 | 0.89 | 64.09 | 28.62 | 18.95 | 16.52 |
ScCO2–distilled water | 22.82 | 8.66 | 1.43 | 16.55 | 0.89 | 49.65 | 21.22 | 15.77 | 12.66 |
He–slickwater | 20.29 | 12.36 | 0.94 | 9.8 | 0.48 | 56.13 | 26.11 | 13.58 | 16.44 |
Sample | Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/kg) | SBET (m2/g) | TPV (cm3/kg) | Da (nm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micro (HK) | Meso (BJH-ad) | Macro (BJH-ad) | Micro (HK) | Meso (BJH-ad) | Macro (BJH-ad) | ||||
Untreated | 0.153 | 2.018 | 0.139 | 0.1299 | 5.384 | 6.374 | 2.128 | 16.199 | 30.443 |
ScCO2–slickwater | 0.114 | 1.712 | 0.090 | 0.0976 | 4.560 | 2.943 | 1.822 | 7.656 | 16.812 |
ScCO2–distilled water | 0.207 | 1.982 | 0.140 | 0.174 | 5.521 | 6.702 | 2.477 | 12.341 | 19.932 |
He–slickwater | 0.116 | 1.813 | 0.144 | 0.100 | 4.549 | 6.222 | 2.081 | 14.175 | 27.247 |
Sample | P/P0 < 0.5 | P/P0 > 0.5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fitting Equation | D | R2 | Fitting Equation | D | R2 | |
Untreated | y = −1.277x + 0.455 | 1.723 | 0.977 | y = −0.104x + 1.053 | 2.896 | 0.781 |
ScCO2–slickwater | y = −0.508x + 0.434 | 2.492 | 0.998 | y = −0.418x + 0.475 | 2.582 | 0.999 |
ScCO2–distilled water | y = −0.499x + 0/425 | 2.501 | 0.999 | y = −0.366x + 0.517 | 2.634 | 0.996 |
He–slickwater | y = −0.475x + 0.430 | 2.525 | 0.999 | y = −0.420x + 0.436 | 2.580 | 1 |
Sample | SSA (m2/g) | PV (cm3/g) | Da (nm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meso- | Macro- | TSSA | Meso- | Macro- | TPV | ||
Untreated | 1.543 | 0.165 | 1.709 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.015 | 36.054 |
ScCO2–slickwater | 1.576 | 0.187 | 1.763 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.017 | 38.568 |
ScCO2–distilled water | 1.635 | 0.200 | 1.835 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.019 | 40.976 |
He–slickwater | 2.328 | 0.181 | 2.509 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 31.253 |
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Zhang, C.; Li, Q.; Liu, Y.; Tang, J.; Jia, Y.; Gong, T. Investigation of the Pore Characteristics and Capillary Forces in Shale before and after Reaction with Supercritical CO2 and Slickwater. Energies 2024, 17, 3870. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163870
Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Y, Tang J, Jia Y, Gong T. Investigation of the Pore Characteristics and Capillary Forces in Shale before and after Reaction with Supercritical CO2 and Slickwater. Energies. 2024; 17(16):3870. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163870
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chi, Qian Li, Yanlin Liu, Jiren Tang, Yunzhong Jia, and Tianyi Gong. 2024. "Investigation of the Pore Characteristics and Capillary Forces in Shale before and after Reaction with Supercritical CO2 and Slickwater" Energies 17, no. 16: 3870. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163870