Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principles of the Carbonaceous Photocatalysts
3. Synthesis and Applications of Carbonaceous Photocatalysts
3.1. Activated Carbon
3.1.1. AC Powder
3.1.2. AC Fiber
3.2. Carbon Dot
3.3. Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber
3.4. Graphene
3.5. Fullerene
3.6. g-C3N4
3.7. Carbon Sponge/Aerogel
4. Summary and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Photocatalyst | Synthesis Method | Main Precursor | Morphology | Applications | Irradiation Light | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2/AC | Ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel | Titanium(IV) n-butoxide, commercial AC | Powder | Reduction of Cr(VI) | PLS-SXE 300 Xe lamp (UV, λ > 400, λ > 420 nm) | [63] |
BiOI/AC | Hydrothermal | Bismuth nitrate, potassium iodide, commercial AC | Powder | Degradation of RhB aqueous solution | 500 W Xe lamp | [67] |
ACF/Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br) | Solvothermal | Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazoli-um bromide, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazoli-um chloride | Fiber | Degradation of RhB and 2,4-Dichlorophenol aqueous solution | 300 W Xe lamp | [58] |
TiO2–MnTiO3/HACF | Biotemplated method | Kapok, bis (ammonium-lactato) titanium-dihydroxide, Mn(NO3)2 | Fiber | Degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution | 500 W Xe lamp | [35] |
BiVO4/ACF | Hydrothermal immobilization | Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, NH4VO3 | Fiber | Degradation of reactive Black KN–B aqueous solution | 1000 W Xe lamp | [79] |
CdS/CDs | Solvothermal, hydrothermal | Sulfur powder, CdCl2·2.5H2O | Powder | Water splitting | 300 W Xe lamp | [85] |
Carboxyl-functionalized CDs | Microwave irradiation | Dextrose, urea | Powder | Oxidation of alkyl benzenes | 60 W white LED lamp | [86] |
MWCNT/TiO2 | Impregnation | Titanium tetrasiopropoxide, MWCNTs | Powder | Degradation of benzene in the gas phase | Four 4 W UV lamps | [108] |
Pt-ascorbic acid modified CNT/CdS | Acid refluxing, adsorption, chemical reduction | L-ascorbic acid, Chloroplatinic acid solution, cadmium acetate, MWCNTs | Powder | Water splitting | 150 W Xe lamp | [109] |
In2O3/CNFs | Electrospinning, solvothermal | PAN, In(NO3)3·5H2O, CO(NH2)2 | Fiber | Degradation of RB, methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution | 150 W Xe lamp with a UV cut-off filter (λ > 420 nm) | [123] |
MoSe2/HN–CNFs | Electropsinning, in situ polymerization, hydrothermal | PAN, Na2MoO4·2H2O, Se | Fiber | Degradation of RhB, MO, and tetracycline hydrochloride | 300 W Xe lamp | [124] |
O–ZnO/UiO–66–NH2/rGO | Modified Hummers’, solvothermal | Natural graphite powder, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O | Powder | Reduction of CO2 | 300 W Xe lamp with a UV cut-off filter (λ > 420 nm) | [135] |
NiAl2O4/GQDs | Pyrolyzing, coprecipitation | Citric acid, ammonium oxalate, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, Ni(NO3)3·6H2O | Powder | Degradation of RhB, MB, quinoline yellow, eriochrome black, phenol, thiram aqueous solution | SUNTEST CPS+ solar simulator | [136] |
BiOCl/GO | Solvothermal, electrospinning | PAN, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, GO | Fiber | Degradation of RhB | Solar simulator (Sun 2000, ABET) with a UV cut-off filter (λ > 440 nm) | [137] |
NGO–QDs | Heat treatment in NH3, modified Hummers’ method | NH3, GO | Powder | Water splitting | 300 W Xenon lamp with a UV cut-off filter (420 < λ < 800 nm) | [138] |
Bi2TiO4F2/C60 | Solvothermal | Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, TiF4, C60 | Powder | Degradation of RhB | 300 W Xe lamp with a cutoff filter (λ > 420 nm) | [39] |
Bis(4-pyridyl)pyrrolidinofullerene/TiO2 | Sol-gel | 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine, 4-piridinecarboxaldehyde, buckminsterfullerene, Titanium isopropoxide, porphyrin/phthalocyanine | Powder | Degradation of MB and phenol | A SUNTEST CPS+ solar simulator | [140] |
g-C3N4 | Direct pyrolysis | Dicyandiamide, urea | Powder | Degradation of MB | 500 W Xe with a cutoff filter (λ > 420 nm) | [145] |
g-C3N4/CQDs | Hydrothermal | Citric acid, urea | Powder | Degradation of diclofenac | 300 W Xe lamp with a cutoff filter (λ > 400 nm) | [155] |
ZnO/ZIF–8/rGO/Carbon-sponge | Dipping-pyrolysis | Melamine foam, Zn(NO3)2, dimethylimidazole | 3D monolithic | Degradation of RhB aqueous solution | 300 W Xe lamp | [167] |
g-C3N4/GO aerogels | Modified hummer’s method, hydrothermal, freeze drying | Dicyandiamide, graphite powder | 3D monolithic | Decomposition of NO gas | 300 W Xe lamp | [168] |
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Ge, J.; Zhang, Y.; Park, S.-J. Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review. Materials 2019, 12, 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121916
Ge J, Zhang Y, Park S-J. Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review. Materials. 2019; 12(12):1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121916
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe, Jianlong, Yifan Zhang, and Soo-Jin Park. 2019. "Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review" Materials 12, no. 12: 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121916