Synthesis and Post-Annealing of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Layers Based on Oleylamine/1-dodecanethiol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the CZTS Nanoparticles
2.3. Characterization of the CZTS Film: Methods and Instrumentations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. XRD and DLS
3.2. XRD
3.3. Raman Spectroscopy
3.4. SEM
3.5. UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Resistivity Measurement
3.6. Carbon Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Recipe | Sample/TT1 | Sample/TT2 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
A | A1: 560 °C, 20 min; 20 °C/min | A2: 560 °C, 2 h, 20 °C/min; S (20 mg) | [5] |
B | B1: 500 °C, 2 h, 3 °C/min | B2: 600 °C, 2 h, 3 °C/min; S (20 mg) | this work |
C | C1: 600 °C, 2 h, 3°C/min | C2: 600 °C, 2 h, 3 °C/min; S (20 mg) | this work |
Sample | X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) (Assuming S = 4) | Cumulant Size (nm) | Polydispersity Index (PI) | Note | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ideal composition | Cu 1.81 | Zn 1.21 | Sn 0.98 | Cu/Sn 1.75–1.90 | Zn/Sn 1.20 | – | – | – |
CZTS film | 1.79 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 1.78 | 1.20 | 24.1 | 0.05 | Monodisperse |
Sample | TT1 Temperature (°C) | TT1 Secondary Phases | Eg (TT1) (eV) | T (TT1)(at 1500 nm) | TT2 Temp (°C) | TT2 Secondary Phases | Eg (TT2)(eV) | T (TT2) (at 1500 nm) | Resistivity (ohm.cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1-A2 | 560 | SnS + CTS | 1.16 | 15% | 560 | SnS, CTS | 1.20 | 20% | 0.012 |
B1-B2 | 500 | SnS + CTS | 1.50 | 25% | 600 | Undetected | 1.50 | 30% | 1.05 |
C1-C2 | 600 | Cu2S | 1.30 | 20% | 600 | Undetected | 1.20 | 30% | 0.016 |
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Ataollahi, N.; Bazerla, F.; Malerba, C.; Chiappini, A.; Ferrari, M.; Di Maggio, R.; Scardi, P. Synthesis and Post-Annealing of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Layers Based on Oleylamine/1-dodecanethiol. Materials 2019, 12, 3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203320
Ataollahi N, Bazerla F, Malerba C, Chiappini A, Ferrari M, Di Maggio R, Scardi P. Synthesis and Post-Annealing of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Layers Based on Oleylamine/1-dodecanethiol. Materials. 2019; 12(20):3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203320
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollahi, Narges, Francesca Bazerla, Claudia Malerba, Andrea Chiappini, Maurizio Ferrari, Rosa Di Maggio, and Paolo Scardi. 2019. "Synthesis and Post-Annealing of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Layers Based on Oleylamine/1-dodecanethiol" Materials 12, no. 20: 3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203320