Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Rigid PU Foams
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Apparent Density
2.3.2. Thermal Conductivity
2.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3.4. Microcomputed Tomography
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microcomputer Tomography
3.2. Influence of Microstructure on Macroscopic Properties
- more pores analyzed by the µCT technique (10000), compared to SEM (100);
- incorrect pore division in anisotropic diffusion process in the case of µCT.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polyol | LOH (mgKOH/g) | η (mPa·s) | ρ (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|
LB | 650 | 2236 | 1.21 |
Rokopol®RF551 | 440 | 3000–5000 | 1.06 |
Raw Materials (pbw) | Foam Symbol | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
200LB0 | 200LB30 | 300LB0 | 300LB30 | |
Rokopol RF551 | 100 | 70 | 100 | 70 |
Biopoliol LB | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 |
AC | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Dabco 15K | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 |
Dabco 33LV | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
DBTDL | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
TEGOSTAB B 8465 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
TCCP | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
n-pentane | 12.5 | 12.5 | 20 | 20 |
pMDI | 203.6 | 237.0 | 305.3 | 355.4 |
Foam Symbol | Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Pore Diameter SEM (µm) | Pore Diameter MicroCT (µm) | Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | Thermal Resistance (d = 0.02 m) (m2·K/W) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
200_LB0 | 49.2 ± 1.8 | 147 ± 26 | 117 ± 21 | 0.0270 | 0.741 |
200_LB30 | 49.6 ± 1.3 | 179 ± 25 | 108 ± 22 | 0.0246 | 0.810 |
300_LB0 | 49.9 ± 2.2 | 176 ± 30 | 131 ± 25 | 0.0261 | 0.767 |
300_LB30 | 52.1 ± 1.2 | 191 ± 38 | 124 ± 17 | 0.0248 | 0.806 |
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Kosmela, P.; Suchorzewski, J.; Formela, K.; Kazimierski, P.; Haponiuk, J.T.; Piszczyk, Ł. Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Materials 2020, 13, 5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245734
Kosmela P, Suchorzewski J, Formela K, Kazimierski P, Haponiuk JT, Piszczyk Ł. Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Materials. 2020; 13(24):5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245734
Chicago/Turabian StyleKosmela, Paulina, Jan Suchorzewski, Krzysztof Formela, Paweł Kazimierski, Józef Tadeusz Haponiuk, and Łukasz Piszczyk. 2020. "Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy" Materials 13, no. 24: 5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245734