Characterizing Steel Corrosion in Different Alkali-Activated Mortars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- It was shown that the shapes of the EIS spectra significantly differed between the various AAMs but that they also changed over time. The corrosion rates assessed from the absolute impedance values [Z] of the EIS spectra measured were generally in agreement with the corrosion rates estimated from the actual corrosion damage, as measured by μXCT.
- X-ray computed microtomography (μXCT) provided relevant information regarding the type of corrosion and the extent of corrosion damage in the different AAMs, which ranged from very dense, small pits (FA8) to large and deep areas of corrosion without any pits nearby (MK2) or very shallow areas of corrosion with only a few small pits (S3a-661). These specifics need to be considered when interpreting the electrochemical measurements.
- It was shown that the corrosion rates in the different AAMs were not explicitly related to the compressive strength or porosity values of the mortars.
- In specific cases, the corrosion rates assessed from the EIS spectra evidently overestimated the actual corrosion rates. It is not clear whether this discrepancy was due to unsuitable modelling of the spectra or due to the presence of additional specific electrochemical processes not directly related to the corrosion of steel.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mortar/[g] | FA8 | MK2 | S3a-661 |
---|---|---|---|
Fly ash (V-378/14) | 455.9 | - | - |
Slag (V-138/15) | - | - | 557.4 |
Metakaolin (V-63/15) | - | 450.0 | - |
Water glass (V-25/15) | 168.5 | - | 22.4 |
Water glass (V-502/14) | - | 372.0 | - |
NaOH (V-44/15) | - | 37.8 | 33.4 |
NaOH solution 41.7% (wt.) NaOH + 58.3% (wt.) H2O | 64.4 | - | - |
Tap water | 17.7 | 5.0 | 232.3 |
CEN Standard sand (EN 196-1) | 1350.0 | 1350.0 | 1350.0 |
Na2O equivalent of precursors [%] | 2.24 | 0.12 | 0.49 |
AAM Solution Type | |Z|total [kΩ·cm2] | νcorr [μm/year] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 8 | Week 17 | Week 1 | Week 8 | Week 17 | |
FA8 | 26 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 12 | 270 | 1510 |
MK2 | 8 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 38 | 140 | 340 |
S3a-661 | 117 | 19 | 39 | 3 | 16 | 8 |
AAM Mortar Type | (a) μXCT Analysis | (b) EIS Measurements | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corrosion Depths [μm] | Corrosion Rates, νcorr [μm/year] | Average Corrosion Rates, νcorr-EIS [μm/year] | |||
Average dA | Max dMAX | Average, νcorr-A | Max, νcorr-MAX | ||
FA8 | 38 | 225 | 117 | 690 | 590 |
MK2 | 49 | 375 | 150 | 1150 | 185 |
S3a-661 | 17 | 200 | 54 | 613 | 15 |
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Gartner, N.; Hren, M.; Kosec, T.; Legat, A. Characterizing Steel Corrosion in Different Alkali-Activated Mortars. Materials 2021, 14, 7366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237366
Gartner N, Hren M, Kosec T, Legat A. Characterizing Steel Corrosion in Different Alkali-Activated Mortars. Materials. 2021; 14(23):7366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237366
Chicago/Turabian StyleGartner, Nina, Miha Hren, Tadeja Kosec, and Andraž Legat. 2021. "Characterizing Steel Corrosion in Different Alkali-Activated Mortars" Materials 14, no. 23: 7366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237366