Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening

Lin, Mingxuan; Zimmermann, Carina; Wang, Kai; Hunkel, Martin; Prahl, Ulrich; Spatschek, Robert

doi:10.3390/ma14030654

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening

by

Mingxuan Lin

^1,*,†

,

Carina Zimmermann

^2,†,

Kai Wang

^3,†

,

Martin Hunkel

^2,†

,

Ulrich Prahl

^1,4,†

and

Robert Spatschek

^3,5,†

¹

Instituts für Eisenhüttenkunde, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany

²

Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien—IWT, 28359 Bremen, Germany

³

Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung IEK-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany

⁴

Institut für Metallformung, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany

⁵

JARA-ENERGY, 52425 Jülich, Germany

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Materials 2021, 14(3), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030654

Submission received: 15 December 2020 / Revised: 14 January 2021 / Accepted: 25 January 2021 / Published: 31 January 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strong Coupling of Thermo-Chemical and Thermo-Mechanical States in Applied Materials)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

We revisit recent findings on experimental and modeling investigations of bainitic transformations under the influence of external stresses and pre-strain during the press hardening process. Experimentally, the transformation kinetics in 22MnB5 under various tensile stresses are studied both on the macroscopic and microstructural level. In the bainitic microstructure, the variant selection effect is analyzed with an optimized prior-austenite grain reconstruction technique. The resulting observations are expressed phenomenologically using a autocatalytic transformation model, which serves for further scale bridging descriptions of the underlying thermo-chemo-mechanical coupling processes during the bainitic transformation. Using analyses of orientation relationships, thermodynamically consistent and nondiagonal phase field models are developed, which are supported by ab initio generated mechanical parameters. Applications are related to the microstructure evolution on the sheaf, subunit, precipitate and grain boundary level.

Keywords: bainite; phase field; press hardening

Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, M.; Zimmermann, C.; Wang, K.; Hunkel, M.; Prahl, U.; Spatschek, R. Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening. Materials 2021, 14, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030654

AMA Style

Lin M, Zimmermann C, Wang K, Hunkel M, Prahl U, Spatschek R. Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening. Materials. 2021; 14(3):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Mingxuan, Carina Zimmermann, Kai Wang, Martin Hunkel, Ulrich Prahl, and Robert Spatschek. 2021. "Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening" Materials 14, no. 3: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030654

APA Style

Lin, M., Zimmermann, C., Wang, K., Hunkel, M., Prahl, U., & Spatschek, R. (2021). Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening. Materials, 14(3), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030654

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Modeling Bainitic Transformations during Press Hardening

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI