Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Scaffold
2.2. Ethical Approval, Sample Size, Randomization, and Grouping of the Study Animals
2.3. General Anesthesia and Surgical Procedure
2.4. Micro-CT Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Observations and Scaffold Applicability during Surgeries
3.2. Micro-CT Analysis
3.2.1. Comparison between the Groups in Terms of Newly Formed Bone Volume
3.2.2. Comparison between the Groups in Term of Newly Formed Bone Mineral Density
3.2.3. Comparison between the Groups in Terms of Remaining Graft Volume
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Group (n = 10/group) | Biomaterial Used in Grafting the CSD |
---|---|
Positive control | CSD was filled with β-TCP (ChronOS®, DePuy Synthes, Addison, TX, USA) soaked in normal saline and covered by RCM (BioCollagen; 0.2 mm × 5 mm × 7.5 mm; BIOTECK S.P.A., Vicenza, Italy). |
PEVAV/β-TCP 70 | CSD was filled with PEVAV/ β-TCP 70 biocomposite scaffold soaked in normal saline and covered by RCM (BioCollagen; 0.2 mm × 5 mm × 7.5 mm; BIOTECK S.P.A., Vicenza, Italy). |
PEVAV/β-TCP 50 | CSD was filled with PEVAV/ β-TCP 50 biocomposite scaffold soaked in normal saline and covered by RCM (BioCollagen; 0.2 mm × 5 mm × 7.5 mm; BIOTECK S.P.A., Vicenza, Italy). |
Negative control | CSD was kept empty, to be filled with a blood clot and covered by RCM (BioCollagen; 0.2 mm × 5 mm × 7.5 mm; BIOTECK S.P.A., Vicenza, Italy). |
Time Point | Group (n = 10) | Newly Formed Bone Volume (mm3) | Newly Formed Bone Mineral Density (g/mm3) | Remaining Graft Volume (mm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 weeks | Positive Control | 2.37 ± 0.33 ″ | 1.29 ± 0.31 | 8.63 ± 0.88 |
PEVAV/β-TCP 70 | 2.56 ± 0.52 ″§ | 1.10 ± 0.25 | 8.86 ± 1.35 | |
PEVAV/β-TCP 50 | 2.01 ± 0.32 ″^ | 0.92 ± 0.20 | 9.32 ± 0.44 | |
Negative Control | 1.31 ± 0.28 †^§ | 0.91 ± 0.30 | - | |
10 weeks | Positive Control | 5.97 ± 1.34 ″^ | 1.77 ± 0.12 §″ | 4.15 ± 0.39 § |
PEVAV/β-TCP 70 | 8.21 ± 0.30 ″†§ | 1.62 ± 0.18 §″ | 4.63 ± 0.82 § | |
PEVAV/β-TCP 50 | 6.56 ± 0.80 ^″ | 1.31 ± 0.12 †^ | 7.02 ± 0.53 †^ | |
Negative Control | 3.83 ± 1.57 †^§ | 1.20 ± 0.11 †^ | - |
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Badwelan, M.; Alkindi, M.; Alghamdi, O.; Ahmed, A.; Ramalingam, S.; Alrahlah, A. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials 2021, 14, 2384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092384
Badwelan M, Alkindi M, Alghamdi O, Ahmed A, Ramalingam S, Alrahlah A. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092384
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadwelan, Mohammed, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam, and Ali Alrahlah. 2021. "Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats" Materials 14, no. 9: 2384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092384