Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment

Cichosz, Marcin; Kiełkowska, Urszula; Skowron, Kazimierz; Kiedzik, Łukasz; Łazarski, Sławomir; Szkudlarek, Marian; Kowalska, Beata; Żurawski, Damian

doi:10.3390/ma15144828

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment

by

Marcin Cichosz

^1,*

,

Urszula Kiełkowska

¹

,

Kazimierz Skowron

²,

Łukasz Kiedzik

²,

Sławomir Łazarski

^3,4,

Marian Szkudlarek

²,

Beata Kowalska

² and

Damian Żurawski

²

¹

Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

²

CIECH R&D Sp. z o.o., 62 Wspólna Street, 00-684 Warszawa, Poland

³

MCMP Sp. z o.o., 5 Świerkowa Street, 86-300 Grudziądz, Poland

⁴

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 45A Wiejska Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4828; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144828

Submission received: 20 May 2022 / Revised: 30 June 2022 / Accepted: 8 July 2022 / Published: 11 July 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing: Technology, Applications and Research Need)

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Abstract

This publication presents a series of data of one of the most difficult chemical processes to implement in industrial conditions. Obtaining soda using the Solvay technique is a process with a world volume of about 28 Tg per year. The process is extremely physico-chemically complex and environmentally burdensome. The paper presents information on a multi-component system containing three phases with a chemical reaction. Calculations for such systems and their engineering are very complicated, but the authors show how the results of this work can be applied. This paper also describes modifications of the soda process to minimize the environmental burden and minimize the production input of Na₂CO₃. The modifications were beneficial in reducing CO₂ emissions and increased the efficiency of the soda process, resulting in a measurable financial benefit. At the scale of the plant where the experiment was carried out, this reduction in CO₂ emissions amounts to 7.93 Gg per year.

Keywords: soda ash; carbonization; non-equilibrium; NaHCO₃; ammoniated brine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cichosz, M.; Kiełkowska, U.; Skowron, K.; Kiedzik, Ł.; Łazarski, S.; Szkudlarek, M.; Kowalska, B.; Żurawski, D. Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment. Materials 2022, 15, 4828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144828

AMA Style

Cichosz M, Kiełkowska U, Skowron K, Kiedzik Ł, Łazarski S, Szkudlarek M, Kowalska B, Żurawski D. Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment. Materials. 2022; 15(14):4828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144828

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cichosz, Marcin, Urszula Kiełkowska, Kazimierz Skowron, Łukasz Kiedzik, Sławomir Łazarski, Marian Szkudlarek, Beata Kowalska, and Damian Żurawski. 2022. "Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment" Materials 15, no. 14: 4828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144828

APA Style

Cichosz, M., Kiełkowska, U., Skowron, K., Kiedzik, Ł., Łazarski, S., Szkudlarek, M., Kowalska, B., & Żurawski, D. (2022). Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment. Materials, 15(14), 4828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144828

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Changes in Synthetic Soda Ash Production and Its Consequences for the Environment

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