Investigation of Fluidity and Strength of Enhanced Foam-Cemented Paste Backfill
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Foam Preparation
2.2.1. Foaming Agent Content
2.2.2. Foam Stabilizer Content
2.3. FCPB Preparation
2.4. Test Methods
2.4.1. Fresh Density
2.4.2. Spread Test
2.4.3. UCS Test
2.4.4. SEM Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Particle Size Distribution
3.2. Determination of Admixture Contents
3.2.1. Foaming Agent Content
3.2.2. Foam Stabilizer Content
3.3. Density
3.4. Fluidity
3.4.1. Effect of FCs on the UCS of FCPB
3.4.2. Effect of SCs and CTRs on the UCS of FCPB
3.5. Unconfined Compressive Strength
3.5.1. Effect of FCs on the UCS of the FCPB
3.5.2. Effect of SCs and CTRs on the UCS of the FCPB
3.6. SEM Observation
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The foaming ratio increases with the foaming agent content. After the foam stabilizer is added, the foaming ratio tends to decrease but the foam half-life tends to increase. The optimum contents of the foaming agent and the stabilizer are 0.5 wt.% and 0.2 wt.%, respectively.
- (2)
- The density of the FCPB decreases with an increasing foam content (FC) but increases with an increase in the solid content and the cement-tailing ratio.
- (3)
- The fluidity of the FCPB increases first and then decreases with an increasing FC, but it is always higher than the fluidity of the FCPB without foam. The fastest increase in fluidity is observed when the FC increases from 0% to 5%, and the fluidity reaches the maximum between FCs of 15% and 20%. A small amount of foam helps to improve the fluidity of the FCPB, but too much foam reduces the free water in the slurry, which leads to a decrease in the FCPB fluidity.
- (4)
- The UCS of the FCPB increases first and then decreases with an increasing FC and becomes the maximum when the FC increases from 0% to 5%, which is related to the change in the pore structure on adding the foam. The gels adhere to the surface of the bubble to form a spherical shell that replaces the original pore, thus improving the anti-pressure ability of the FCPB. However, excessive foam makes the porosity too high, which decreases the UCS. Furthermore, the UCS increases with an increase in the solid content, the cement-tailing ratio, and curing time.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scenario | Solid Content (wt.%) | Cement-Tailing Ratio | Curing Time (Days) | Foam Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 75 | 1:4 | 3, 7, 28 | 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 |
2 | 77 | 1:4 | 3, 7, 28 | 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 |
3 | 77 | 1:5 | 3, 7, 28 | 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 |
Items | Wet Density (g/cm3) | Dry Density (g/cm3) | True Density (g/cm3) | Porosity (%) | Permeability Coefficient (cm/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tailings | 2.16 | 1.93 | 3.18 | 39.31 | 8.70 × 10−4 |
Compositions | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | K2O | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | 65.20 | 16.80 | 5.69 | 4.57 | 3.51 | 1.49 | 2.74 |
Foam Stabilizer Content (g/L) | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foaming Ratio | 1.000 | 0.321 | 0.714 | 0.179 | 0.500 | 0.000 |
Half-life Period | 0.000 | 0.466 | 0.309 | 0.362 | 0.640 | 1.000 |
Scenario | SC (wt.%) | CTR | Foam Content | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% | 40% | |||
1 | 75 | 1:4 | 2088 | 2047 | 2030 | 1897 | 1883 | 1873 | 1730 | 1667 |
2 | 77 | 1:4 | 2153 | 2100 | 2023 | 2000 | 1977 | 1933 | 1863 | 1760 |
3 | 77 | 1:5 | 2077 | 2043 | 2020 | 1977 | 1933 | 1937 | 1853 | 1770 |
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Shi, X.; Zhao, Z.; Chen, X.; Kong, K.; Yuan, J. Investigation of Fluidity and Strength of Enhanced Foam-Cemented Paste Backfill. Materials 2022, 15, 7101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207101
Shi X, Zhao Z, Chen X, Kong K, Yuan J. Investigation of Fluidity and Strength of Enhanced Foam-Cemented Paste Backfill. Materials. 2022; 15(20):7101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207101
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Xiuzhi, Zhengkai Zhao, Xin Chen, Kun Kong, and Jingjing Yuan. 2022. "Investigation of Fluidity and Strength of Enhanced Foam-Cemented Paste Backfill" Materials 15, no. 20: 7101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207101