Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Details
2.1. Geometry of the Wall Panels
2.2. Material Composition of Wall Panels
2.3. Test Procedures
2.3.1. Preparation of Specimens
2.3.2. Photography and Analysis
- The standard scale of the image was used to obtain the relationship between the pixels and the actual size of the image.
- The rectangular area at the edge was cropped off by Photoshop (PS, Adobe Photoshop CC 2019) to make sure that only the part of vitrified concrete was left in the picture.
- To distinguish the cement paste from the ceramsite particles, the colored pictures were changed to gray, different algorithms were analyzed and compared, and the automatic global threshold processing method was considered most appropriate.
- Using the image analysis software program ImageJ, the area of surface ceramsite particles was calculated.
2.3.3. Density, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Compressive Strength Test
3. Test Results and Discussion
3.1. Distribution of Ceramsite Granules
3.1.1. Determination of Available Image Areas
3.1.2. Image Analysis Results
3.2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
3.3. Distribution of Density and Compressive Strength
4. Conclusions
- The results demonstrate that the image analysis method can effectively describe the homogeneity of panels. From the image analysis results of the cut specimens of the wallboards, the commercial ceramsite concrete wallboard showed nonuniformity.
- There was a serious nonuniform distribution of the aggregate of the commercial ceramsite concrete wallboard; the highest particle area increased from 18.9% at the bottom to 42.5% at the top, with a difference of approximately 24%.
- From the bottom to the top of the wallboard, the density of ceramsite concrete specimens decreased from 1010 kg/m3 to 895 kg/m3, the corresponding compressive strength decreased from 10 MPa to 5 MPa, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity decreased from 2.5 km/s to 2.3 km/s.
- According to experiments and regressions in this paper, the distribution of compressive strength, density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity had a linear relationship with the height of the specimens; they decreased with the increase in height from the specimens to the ground. They were negatively correlated with the proportion of ceramsite particle area. This result is dependent on the manufacturing process; different manufacturing processes may cause somewhat different results. In future research, more tests and analyses are needed to verify the same regular pattern for different manufacturing processes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Component | Proportion |
---|---|
Cement | 750 |
Ceramsite | 400 |
Filament | 2 |
Foaming agent | 0.5 |
Additive | 0.7 |
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Bu, C.; Yang, H.; Liu, L.; Zhu, D.; Sun, Y.; Yu, L.; Ouyang, Y.; Cao, X.; Wei, Q. Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique. Materials 2022, 15, 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031063
Bu C, Yang H, Liu L, Zhu D, Sun Y, Yu L, Ouyang Y, Cao X, Wei Q. Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique. Materials. 2022; 15(3):1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031063
Chicago/Turabian StyleBu, Changming, Haiyan Yang, Lei Liu, Dongxu Zhu, Yi Sun, Linwen Yu, Yuhui Ouyang, Xuemei Cao, and Qike Wei. 2022. "Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique" Materials 15, no. 3: 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031063
APA StyleBu, C., Yang, H., Liu, L., Zhu, D., Sun, Y., Yu, L., Ouyang, Y., Cao, X., & Wei, Q. (2022). Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique. Materials, 15(3), 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031063