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10.3390/ma15031154
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Review

Tin Diselenide (SnSe2) Van der Waals Semiconductor: Surface Chemical Reactivity, Ambient Stability, Chemical and Optical Sensors

by
Gianluca D'Olimpio
1,
Daniel Farias
2,3,4,*,
Chia-Nung Kuo
5,6,
Luca Ottaviano
1,7,
Chin Shan Lue
5,6,
Danil W. Boukhvalov
8,9,* and
Antonio Politano
1,10,*
1
Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
2
Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
3
Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
4
Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
5
Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
6
Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
7
CNR-SPIN UoS L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
8
College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
9
Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
10
CNR-IMM Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII strada 5, I-95121 Catania, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031154
Submission received: 8 December 2021 / Revised: 25 January 2022 / Accepted: 26 January 2022 / Published: 2 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Multiple Application for Novel and Advanced Materials)
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Abstract

Tin diselenide (SnSe2) is a layered semiconductor with broad application capabilities in the fields of energy storage, photocatalysis, and photodetection. Here, we correlate the physicochemical properties of this van der Waals semiconductor to sensing applications for detecting chemical species (chemosensors) and millimeter waves (terahertz photodetectors) by combining experiments of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with density functional theory. The response of the pristine, defective, and oxidized SnSe2 surface towards H2, H2O, H2S, NH3, and NO2 analytes was investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the thickness were assessed for monolayer, bilayer, and bulk samples of SnSe2. The formation of a sub-nanometric SnO2 skin over the SnSe2 surface (self-assembled SnO2/SnSe2 heterostructure) corresponds to a strong adsorption of all analytes. The formation of non-covalent bonds between SnO2 and analytes corresponds to an increase of the magnitude of the transferred charge. The theoretical model nicely fits experimental data on gas response to analytes, validating the SnO2/SnSe2 heterostructure as a suitable playground for sensing of noxious gases, with sensitivities of 0.43, 2.13, 0.11, 1.06 [ppm]−1 for H2, H2S, NH3, and NO2, respectively. The corresponding limit of detection is 5 ppm, 10 ppb, 250 ppb, and 400 ppb for H2, H2S, NH3, and NO2, respectively. Furthermore, SnSe2-based sensors are also suitable for fast large-area imaging applications at room temperature for millimeter waves in the THz range.
Keywords: van der Waals semiconductors; gas sensing; tin diselenide; density functional theory van der Waals semiconductors; gas sensing; tin diselenide; density functional theory

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MDPI and ACS Style

D'Olimpio, G.; Farias, D.; Kuo, C.-N.; Ottaviano, L.; Lue, C.S.; Boukhvalov, D.W.; Politano, A. Tin Diselenide (SnSe2) Van der Waals Semiconductor: Surface Chemical Reactivity, Ambient Stability, Chemical and Optical Sensors. Materials 2022, 15, 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031154

AMA Style

D'Olimpio G, Farias D, Kuo C-N, Ottaviano L, Lue CS, Boukhvalov DW, Politano A. Tin Diselenide (SnSe2) Van der Waals Semiconductor: Surface Chemical Reactivity, Ambient Stability, Chemical and Optical Sensors. Materials. 2022; 15(3):1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031154

Chicago/Turabian Style

D'Olimpio, Gianluca, Daniel Farias, Chia-Nung Kuo, Luca Ottaviano, Chin Shan Lue, Danil W. Boukhvalov, and Antonio Politano. 2022. "Tin Diselenide (SnSe2) Van der Waals Semiconductor: Surface Chemical Reactivity, Ambient Stability, Chemical and Optical Sensors" Materials 15, no. 3: 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031154

APA Style

D'Olimpio, G., Farias, D., Kuo, C.-N., Ottaviano, L., Lue, C. S., Boukhvalov, D. W., & Politano, A. (2022). Tin Diselenide (SnSe2) Van der Waals Semiconductor: Surface Chemical Reactivity, Ambient Stability, Chemical and Optical Sensors. Materials, 15(3), 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031154

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