Hygric Behavior of Viticulture By-Product Composites for Building Insulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Samples
2.2. Characterizations
2.2.1. Permeability
2.2.2. Sorption Isotherm
2.2.3. Moisture Buffer Value (MBV)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Permeability
3.2. Sorption Isotherm
3.3. Moisture Buffer Value (MBV)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Roman | |
a | Merakeb model constant |
A | Exposed area (m2) |
A/CS | Starch/crushed stalk composite |
A/P | Starch/grape skin composite |
A/GP | Starch/grape pomace composite |
A/S | Starch/stalk composite |
b | Merakeb model constant |
BP/S | Beet pulp/starch composite |
CG | GAB parameters |
d | Thickness (m) |
E | Mean deviation (%) |
G | Mass flow rate (kg·s−1) |
RH | Relative humidity (%) |
H/S | Hemp/starch composite |
HRinf | Low relative humidity (%) |
HRsup | High relative humidity (%) |
K | GAB parameters |
m0 | Dry mass of the sample (g) |
mi | Mass of the sample at a given relative humidity (g) |
mw | Mass of the water absorbed by the sample (g) |
MBV | Moisture buffer value (g·m−2·% RH−1) |
R2 | Correlation coefficient |
RMSE | Mean quadratic error |
Sd | Equivalent air layer depth for water vapor diffusion (m) |
u | Moisture content (%) |
us | Saturation moisture content (%) |
W | Moisture content (kg) |
Wm | Saturation moisture content (kg) |
Δm | Mass variation during the adsorption phase (g) |
ΔPv | Water vapor pressure gradient (Pa) |
Greek | |
αT | van Genuchten parameters |
δa | Water vapor permeability of the air (kg·m−1·s−1·Pa−1) |
δv | Water vapor permeability (kg·m−1·s−1·Pa−1) |
ηT | van Genuchten parameters |
μ | Water vapor resistance factor |
φ | Relative humidity (%) |
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Composite | Abbreviations | ρbulk |
---|---|---|
(kg·m−3) | ||
Starch/grape skin | A/P | 433 ± 78 |
Starch/grape pomace | A/GP | 308 ± 32 |
Starch/stalk | A/S | 227 ± 47 |
Starch/crushed stalk | A/CS | 345 ± 35 |
Composite | δv × 10−11 | µ | Sd |
---|---|---|---|
(kg·m−1·s−1·Pa−1) | (m) | ||
A/P | 1.57 ± 0.16 | 12.83 ± 1.38 | 0.57 ± 0.06 |
A/GP | 1.79 ± 0.12 | 11.22 ± 0.70 | 0.51 ± 0.02 |
A/S | 1.40 ± 0.15 | 14.37 ± 1.59 | 0.66 ± 0.06 |
A/CS | 1.65 ± 0.21 | 12.30 ± 1.69 | 0.58 ± 0.09 |
Models | Parameters | A/P | A/S | A/GP | A/CS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Merakeb | us | 0.2771 | 0.2322 | 0.2519 | 0.2375 |
a | 0.8408 | 0.7298 | 0.8516 | 0.7297 | |
b | 1.4326 | 1.2214 | 1.3056 | 1.4581 | |
E (%) | 7.7686 | 4.1947 | 5.3678 | 5.6578 | |
R2 | 0.9961 | 0.9985 | 0.9983 | 0.9979 | |
RMSE | 0.0062 | 0.0034 | 0.0037 | 0.0042 | |
GAB | Wm | 0.0557 | 0.0664 | 0.0581 | 0.0539 |
Cg | 13.0356 | 12.3401 | 9.0035 | 22.285 | |
K | 0.8099 | 0.7267 | 0.7825 | 0.7809 | |
E (%) | 7.5877 | 4.1004 | 5.4752 | 5.1060 | |
R2 | 0.9960 | 0.9985 | 0.9983 | 0.9979 | |
RMSE | 0.0063 | 0.0034 | 0.0038 | 0.0040 | |
van Genuchten | Us | 0.0015 | 0.0027 | 0.0016 | 0.0021 |
αT | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |
ηT | 1.4422 | 1.3722 | 1.4330 | 1.3947 | |
E (%) | 9.4271 | 9.3195 | 9.7917 | 7.1207 | |
R2 | 0.9887 | 0.9883 | 0.9893 | 0.9913 | |
RMSE | 0.0106 | 0.0097 | 0.0097 | 0.0081 |
Composite | MBV | Classification |
---|---|---|
(g·m−2·% RH−1) | ||
A/P | 1.92 ± 0.45 | Good |
A/GP | 2.57 ± 0.22 | Excellent |
A/S | 6.31 ± 0.60 | Excellent |
A/CS | 3.50 ± 0.20 | Excellent |
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Badouard, C.; Maalouf, C.; Bliard, C.; Polidori, G.; Bogard, F. Hygric Behavior of Viticulture By-Product Composites for Building Insulation. Materials 2022, 15, 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030815
Badouard C, Maalouf C, Bliard C, Polidori G, Bogard F. Hygric Behavior of Viticulture By-Product Composites for Building Insulation. Materials. 2022; 15(3):815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030815
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadouard, Céline, Chadi Maalouf, Christophe Bliard, Guillaume Polidori, and Fabien Bogard. 2022. "Hygric Behavior of Viticulture By-Product Composites for Building Insulation" Materials 15, no. 3: 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030815