Preparation and Application of pH-Sensitive Film Containing Anthocyanins Extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Extraction of Anthocyanins
2.3. Preparation of Films
2.4. Mechanical Properties
2.5. Barrier Properties
2.6. Determination of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N)
2.7. Colorimetric Analysis
2.8. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectra
2.9. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.10. XRD Measurement
2.11. Statistics Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. UV–Vis Spectra of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Anthocyanin (LRMA) Solution
3.2. Mechanical and Barrier Properties
3.3. Color Response Efficiency and Colorimetric Analysis of pH-Sensitive Films
3.3.1. pH Response in Different Buffer Solutions
3.3.2. Visual Color Response of pH-Sensitive Film
3.3.3. Color Response in NH3 Atmosphere
3.4. XRD Patterns of ASKG/SPI and LRMA-Containing ASKG/SPI-Blended Film
3.5. FT-IR Spectra of pH-Sensitive Film
3.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.7. Correlation Study between Meat Spoilage and Colorimetric Change of pH-Sensitive Film
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Film | Thickness (mm) | Mechanical Properties | Barrier Properties | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS (MPa) | EB (%) | WVP (g/m2·24 h) | OP (cm3/m2·24 h·0.1 MPa) | ||
ASKG/SPI | 0.056 ± 0.001 d | 1.543 ± 0.120 d | 202.292 ± 2.567 a | 560.22 ± 0.04 c | 1.024 ± 0.013 b |
LRMA-1% | 0.081 ± 0.008 c | 4.874 ± 0.259 b | 12.395 ± 2.394 d | 746.41 ± 0.02 b | 0.156 ± 0.025 c |
LRMA-2% | 0.092 ± 0.003 bc | 3.505 ± 0.122 c | 25.054 ± 2.843 c | 915.19 ± 0.01 a | 0.160 ± 0.032 c |
LRMA-3% | 0.118 ± 0.001 a | 3.863 ± 0.476 c | 86.150 ± 2.609 b | 450.30 ± 0.01 d | 4.755 ± 0.017 a |
LRMA-4% | 0.098 ± 0.010 ab | 8.147 ± 1.764 a | 5.560 ± 2.833 e | 446.36 ± 0.02 d | 4.716 ± 0.036 a |
Sample | pH | L* | a* | b* | Photographs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before Sensing | After Sensing | |||||
LRMA-1% | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | 86.31 ± 1.98 c 76.13 ± 2.14 a 82.72 ± 3.12 bc 88.09 ± 2.66 c 96.73 ± 4.95 d 77.34 ± 4.63 ab 83.58 ± 1.08 c 86.58 ± 2.67 c 94.85 ± 1.95 d | 11.86 ± 1.00 f 22.94 ± 0.96 g 8.38 ± 0.38 e 7.55 ± 0.25 e 0.78 ± 0.03 a 7.55 ± 0.51 e 4.85 ± 0.10 c 6.12 ± 0.27 d 2.17 ± 0.21 b | 1.48 ± 0.14 c −5.31 ± 0.25 a 3.12 ± 0.03 e 2.49 ± 0.15 d 1.40 ± 0.04 c 2.49 ± 0.18 d 3.58 ± 0.22 f 5.68 ± 0.27 g 0.06 ± 0.01 b | ||
LRMA-2% | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | 68.66 ± 1.22 c 62.08 ± 1.37 b 79.57 ± 1.37 d 69.81 ± 3.13 c 89.42 ± 0.45 g 59.67 ± 1.08 a 61.56 ± 0.35 b 73.94 ± 2.11 e 83.47 ± 0.22 f | 33.09 ± 0.42 g 37.30 ± 0.11 h 11.73 ± 0.31 d 16.58 ± 076 d 3.69 ± 0.03 a 17.16 ± 1.09 ef 18.53 ± 0.72 f 8.67 ± 0.14 c 4.61 ± 0.16 b | −6.47 ± 0.49 b −12.39 ± 0.30 a 5.42 ± 0.11 de 6.60 ± 0.36 e 0.32 ± 0.09 c −11.47 ± 1.13 a −13.03 ± 0.81 a 3.71 ± 0.55 d −0.10 ± 0.07 c | ||
LRMA-3% | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | 57.98 ± 0.69 d 54.96 ± 1.38 c 69.61 ± 1.62 e 75.50 ± 1.96 f 74.02 ± 2.20 f 35.04 ± 0.93 a 48.37 ± 0.76 b 58.15 ± 1.05 d 55.65 ± 1.28 c | 56.66 ± 1.77 h 37.34 ± 1.12 e 19.8 ± 0.08 b 19.28 ± 1.73 b 9.99 ± 1.01 a 22.27 ± 0.35 c 46.93 ± 0.99 f 28.69 ± 0.56 d 51.57 ± 1.57 g | −13.92 ± 0.38 a −9.01 ± 1.85 b 2.56 ± 1.25 d 1.00 ± 0.25 d 2.53 ± 0.28 d −7.54 ± 1.13 b −13.42 ± 0.74 a −4.25 ± 0.66 c −14.42 ± 1.07 a | ||
LRMA-4% | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | 45.00 ± 1.95 b 47.10 ± 1.51 cd 62.24 ± 1.98 e 40.55 ± 1.26 a 45.51 ± 0.76 bc 47.49 ± 0.45 d 44.78 ± 1.35 b 63.32 ± 0.78 e 47.26 ± 1.29 cd | 65.24 ± 0.22 g 49.23 ± 0.36 d 24.83 ± 0.59 a 52.45 ± 0.36 e 55.45 ± 0.17 f 34.93 ± 1.14 b 50.27 ± 1.28 d 43.37 ± 0.46 c 53.67 ± 0.52 e | −4.05 ± 1.01 d −2.31 ± 1.02 e 0.80 ± 0.09 f −15.50 ± 2.35 a −13.45 ± 0.25 b −10.96 ± 0.06 c −11.03 ± 0.75 c −12.16 ± 0.88 bc −13.72 ± 0.73 b |
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Zhao, Y.; Gao, L.; Wang, J.; Xue, Z.; Zhang, M.; Ma, X.; Wang, G.; Lv, S. Preparation and Application of pH-Sensitive Film Containing Anthocyanins Extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Materials 2023, 16, 3828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103828
Zhao Y, Gao L, Wang J, Xue Z, Zhang M, Ma X, Wang G, Lv S. Preparation and Application of pH-Sensitive Film Containing Anthocyanins Extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Materials. 2023; 16(10):3828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103828
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Yucong, Le Gao, Jing Wang, Ziyan Xue, Mengyao Zhang, Xueli Ma, Guohua Wang, and Shenghua Lv. 2023. "Preparation and Application of pH-Sensitive Film Containing Anthocyanins Extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr." Materials 16, no. 10: 3828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103828