Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins as Foaming Agent on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Precast Foams
2.3. Preparation of GFC
2.4. GFC Test Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fluidity
3.2. Dry Apparent Density
3.3. Porosity and Pore Structure
3.4. Compressive Strength
3.5. Hydration Analysis
3.6. Mechanism Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The choice of foaming agent significantly affects the performance of GFC, especially in its freshly mixed state. Notably, GFC prepared with TS foaming agent demonstrates the highest stability.
- (2)
- Foaming agents affect the hydration process of GFC, and the morphology of the hydration products formed varies considerably. TS shows a better water retention effect due to hydrogen bonding, promoting the hydration process.
- (3)
- The porosity and pore structure are also significantly influenced by the foaming agents. If the foam is poorly stabilized, it cannot resist the destructive effects of the GFC alkali reaction process, and thus, the pore connectivity is high and the pore structure is poor. TS is highly stable in the GFC matrix, so the corresponding pore size is small, and the connectivity is low in the hardened GFC.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | Fe2O3 | MgO | NaO | SO3 | Other | Loss on Ignition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FA | 41.43 | 18.90 | 15.10 | 10.25 | 4.28 | 4.13 | 2.43 | 3.48 | 5.40 |
CE | 18.71 | 3.93 | 64.77 | 4.24 | 1.77 | 0.90 | 3.32 | 2.36 | 5.09 |
SL | 27.51 | 11.93 | 47.64 | 0.40 | 7.38 | 0.47 | 2.55 | 2.12 | 5.34 |
CS | 4.62 | 1.87 | 91.41 | 0.38 | - | - | 0.90 | 0.82 | 1.67 |
SiO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | Fe2O3 | Other | Flotation Rate (%) | Thermal Conductivity W/(m·k) | Density (kg·m−3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
58.80 | 28.72 | 3.60 | 2.40 | 6.48 | 80.00 | 0.05 | 360 |
FA (g) | CE (g) | SL (g) | CS (g) | GS (g) | MS (g) | HGB (g) | W/S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
285 | 120 | 60 | 30 | 30 | 15 | 60 | 0.45 |
Mix | Target Density (kg/m3) | Foaming Agent | Geopolymer (g) | Foam (mL) | Actual Average Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDS-0.4 | 850 | SDS | 600 | 200 | 888.6 |
SDS-0.6 | 750 | SDS | 600 | 300 | 742.6 |
SDS-0.8 | 650 | SDS | 600 | 400 | 659.3 |
SDS-1 | 600 | SDS | 600 | 500 | 606.4 |
SDS-1.2 | 550 | SDS | 600 | 600 | 553.2 |
CTAB-0.4 | 850 | CTAB | 600 | 200 | 904.0 |
CTAB-0.6 | 750 | CTAB | 600 | 300 | 742.3 |
CTAB-0.8 | 650 | CTAB | 600 | 400 | 634.9 |
CTAB-1 | 600 | CTAB | 600 | 500 | 556.5 |
CTAB-1.2 | 550 | CTAB | 600 | 600 | - |
TS-0.4 | 850 | TS | 600 | 200 | 886.8 |
TS-0.6 | 750 | TS | 600 | 300 | 735.2 |
TS-0.8 | 650 | TS | 600 | 400 | 656.6 |
TS-1 | 600 | TS | 600 | 500 | 612.9 |
TS-1.2 | 550 | TS | 600 | 600 | 550.6 |
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Wang, X.; Wu, Y.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Tang, W.; Dan, J.; Hong, C.; Wang, J.; Yang, X. Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins as Foaming Agent on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete. Materials 2024, 17, 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163921
Wang X, Wu Y, Li X, Li Y, Tang W, Dan J, Hong C, Wang J, Yang X. Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins as Foaming Agent on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163921
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiaoyu, Yangyang Wu, Xiangguo Li, Yuheng Li, Wen Tang, Jianming Dan, Chenglin Hong, Jinyu Wang, and Xiaoqiang Yang. 2024. "Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins as Foaming Agent on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete" Materials 17, no. 16: 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163921