Study on High-Ductility Geopolymer Concrete: The Influence of Oven Heat Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Curing Methods and Curing Time Design
2.3. Test Setup
2.3.1. Compressive Test
2.3.2. Tensile Test
2.3.3. SEM and EDS Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Compressive Test
3.1.1. Stress–Strain Relationship of Uniaxial Compressive Test
3.1.2. Compressive Properties Parameters
3.2. Tensile Test
3.2.1. Failure Mode
3.2.2. Tensile Stress–Strain Curves
3.2.3. Tensile Properties Parameters
3.3. Microstructure Analysis
3.3.1. The Influence of Curing Temperature on the Development of the Matrix
3.3.2. The Influence of Curing Temperature on the Bonding between Matrix and Fiber
3.3.3. The Influence of Curing Temperature on the Fiber Failure Mode
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property Parameters. | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | SO3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | TiO2 | Other | Loss on Ignition (%) | Density (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt % | ||||||||||
GGBS | 34.0 | 34.5 | 17.7 | 1.64 | 1.03 | 6.01 | / | 5.12 | 0.840 | 2.90 |
FA | 4.01 | 54.8 | 31.2 | 2.20 | 4.16 | 1.01 | 1.13 | 2.37 | 4.60 | 2.30 |
SF | / | 94.7 | / | 0.20 | / | / | / | 5.10 | 3.00 | 0.25 |
Diameter df (μm) | Length Lf (mm) | Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm3) | Melting Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.0 | 6/12/18 | >3000 | >110 | 3.5–4 | 0.970 | 135–145 |
GGBS | FA | SF | MS | FS | NaOH Solution | Sodium Silicate Solution | Extra Water | PE Fiber | BaCl2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
924 | 280 | 76.0 | 68.0 | 385 | 105 | 439 | 78.8 | 21.9 | 12.7 |
Specimen | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Peak Compressive Strain (%) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|
D-7 | 49.9 (0.9) | 0.005 (0.001) | 14.4 (0.9) |
D-28 | 78.5 (1.5) | 0.004 (0.002) | 21.5 (1.8) |
T45-1-28 | 60.4 (0.5) | 0.003 (0.001) | 22.9 (2.7) |
T45-3-28 | 75.9 (1.3) | 0.002 (0.001) | 34.1 (0.7) |
T45-5-28 | 104 (2.9) | 0.004 (0.003) | 28.1 (1.4) |
T45-7-28 | 97.8 (4.3) | 0.004 (0.001) | 25.0 (0.5) |
T60-1-28 | 62.5 (2.8) | 0.005 (0.002) | 13.1 (0.7) |
T60-3-28 | 60.2 (0.8) | 0.003 (0.001) | 27.8 (3.4) |
T60-5-28 | 65.2 (3.8) | 0.003 (0.002) | 22.3 (0.6) |
T60-7-28 | 56.4 (2.4) | 0.004 (0.001) | 15.3 (1.2) |
T45-5-7 | 67.7 (5.3) | 0.003 (0.001) | 34.3 (5.5) |
T60-3-7 | 91.979 (6.575) | 0.005 (0.001) | 22.1 (1.1) |
Specimen | (MPa) | (%) | (MPa) | (%) | kJ/m3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-7 | 3.88 (0.49) | 0.021 (0.006) | 7.19 (0.08) | 6.34 (0.47) | 47.3 (0.5) | 1.86 |
D-28 | 3.77 (0.60) | 0.022 (0.004) | 7.64 (0.44) | 9.27 (0.69) | 56.6 (6.3) | 2.03 |
T45-1-7 | 4.08 (0.17) | 0.034 (0.003) | 6.23 (0.09) | 8.24 (0.41) | 44.2 (2.1) | 1.53 |
T45-3-7 | 4.17 (0.98) | 0.031 (0.007) | 9.19 (0.15) | 8.48 (0.98) | 46.5 (1.2) | 2.21 |
T45-5-7 | 4.17 (0.52) | 0.021 (0.005) | 9.21 (0.41) | 9.74 (0.36) | 74.0 (5.2) | 2.21 |
T45-7-7 | 3.71 (0.17) | 0.017 (0.003) | 7.25 (0.21) | 4.71 (0.36) | 36.0 (3.1) | 1.95 |
T60-1-7 | 3.35 (0.50) | 0.018 (0.004) | 8.09 (0.65) | 8.22 (0.64) | 63.8 (5.2) | 2.42 |
T60-3-7 | 4.17 (0.97) | 0.032 (0.007) | 10.0 (0.9) | 9.25 (0.57) | 72.6 (5.0) | 2.42 |
T60-5-7 | 6.16 (0.77) | 0.043 (0.015) | 9.06 (0.02) | 9.38 (0.26) | 85.1 (1.8) | 1.47 |
T60-7-7 | 3.91 (0.34) | 0.023 (0.004) | 9.29 (0.30) | 8.85 (0.50) | 77.8 (10.1) | 2.37 |
T45-1-28 | 4.87 (0.55) | 0.025 (0.002) | 9.99 (0.51) | 7.54 (0.37) | 52.1 (4.8) | 2.05 |
T45-3-28 | 5.40 (0.34) | 0.030 (0.004) | 6.67 (0.14) | 5.62 (0.92) | 48.5 (11.6) | 1.23 |
T45-5-28 | 2.54 (0.19) | 0.022 (0.002) | 8.60 (0.62) | 8.45 (0.63) | 58.4 (4.2) | 3.39 |
T45-7-28 | 3.61 (0.19) | 0.018 (0.001) | 10.8 (0.4) | 7.76 (0.14) | 70.8 (4.8) | 2.98 |
T60-1-28 | 4.63 (0.56) | 0.025 (0.005) | 7.25 (0.28) | 5.41 (0.16) | 49.7 (3.8) | 1.57 |
T60-3-28 | 3.99 (0.79) | 0.030 (0.002) | 7.28 (0.26) | 8.21 (0.70) | 51.3 (4.9) | 1.82 |
T60-5-28 | 5.86 (0.42) | 0.029 (0.003) | 9.10 (0.09) | 7.44 (0.49) | 66.6 (0.9) | 1.55 |
T60-7-28 | 5.78 (0.40) | 0.028 (0.003) | 10.7 (0.3) | 7.88 (0.09) | 81.4 (0.92) | 1.86 |
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Luo, R.; Liu, R.; Qin, G.; Jiang, M.; Wu, Y.; Guo, Y. Study on High-Ductility Geopolymer Concrete: The Influence of Oven Heat Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Development. Materials 2024, 17, 4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164011
Luo R, Liu R, Qin G, Jiang M, Wu Y, Guo Y. Study on High-Ductility Geopolymer Concrete: The Influence of Oven Heat Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Development. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164011
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Ruihao, Runan Liu, Guang Qin, Minyang Jiang, Yixian Wu, and Yongchang Guo. 2024. "Study on High-Ductility Geopolymer Concrete: The Influence of Oven Heat Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Development" Materials 17, no. 16: 4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164011