Effect of Testing Conditions on Low-Cycle Fatigue Durability of Pre-Strained S420M Steel Specimens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Methods
2.1.1. Test Specimens
Fe | C | Si | Mn | P | Cr | Al | Nb | Ti | V | W |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
98.0 | 0.125 | 0.215 | 1.45 | 0.0135 | 0.0208 | 0.0268 | 0.0288 | 0.013 | 0.0519 | 0.0150 |
2.1.2. Low-Cycle Fatigue Tests
3. Results
3.1. Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties
3.2. Microstructural Observations
4. Conclusions
- Loading conditions (test control scheme) affect the fatigue life of both as-received and pre-strained specimens. The fatigue life obtained in the stress control conditions ( = const.) is lower than the durability observed in the strain control conditions ( = const.). One factor influencing the variation in durability is creep accompanying the cyclic load under stress control conditions. These results confirm findings published in [6,7].
- Comparative analysis of the hysteresis loop basic parameters of the as-received and pre-deformed S420M steel specimens, obtained at the same strain and stress amplitude levels, reveals that pre-straining causes a significant change in the fatigue properties.
- Initial deformation preceding variable load under = const. conditions causes a slight increase in fatigue life. It is caused by the reduction after permanent deformation of two basic parameters of the hysteresis loop, i.e., plastic strain , and stress amplitude .
- Initial deformations of the specimens ( = 10%) cause stress asymmetry and plastic deformation during variable loading under the conditions = const. The value of the average stress and plastic strain is influenced by the level of deformation, . The average stress reaches its highest values at the lowest level of deformation ( = 0.25%).
- Pre-straining preceding a cyclic load under controlled stress conditions ( = const.) results in a reduction in fatigue life. It is caused by a much larger range of plastic deformations in pre-strained specimens in relation to as-received specimens.
- The fatigue life calculations may be carried out only if the fatigue diagram and the loading program are known. It is also necessary to adopt a damage summation hypothesis, e.g., Palmgren–Miner. This issue was not considered in this paper. The presented research showed that initial deformations of the material might cause a change in its fatigue properties, described using a fatigue diagram. Neglecting this issue during fatigue calculations of pre-deformed structural elements and using only the characteristics determined for the as-received material may lead to significant errors in the durability assessments obtained from calculations.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Level | T = 20 °C | |
---|---|---|
= const.) | = const.) | |
1 | 0.25 | 384 |
2 | 0.35 | 415 |
3 | 0.5 | 430 |
4 | 0.8 | 480 |
5 | 1.0 | 509 |
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Mroziński, S.; Piotrowski, M.; Egner, H. Effect of Testing Conditions on Low-Cycle Fatigue Durability of Pre-Strained S420M Steel Specimens. Materials 2024, 17, 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081833
Mroziński S, Piotrowski M, Egner H. Effect of Testing Conditions on Low-Cycle Fatigue Durability of Pre-Strained S420M Steel Specimens. Materials. 2024; 17(8):1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081833
Chicago/Turabian StyleMroziński, Stanisław, Michał Piotrowski, and Halina Egner. 2024. "Effect of Testing Conditions on Low-Cycle Fatigue Durability of Pre-Strained S420M Steel Specimens" Materials 17, no. 8: 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081833