The Growth and Physiological Responses of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Seedlings with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies to Low Phosphorus Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Measurement Indicators and Methods
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Low P Stress on Agronomic Traits of G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.2. Effects of Low P Stress on Biomass and Root-to-Shoot Ratio of G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.3. Effects of Low P Stress on Root Morphology of G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.4. Effects of Low P Stress on Gas Exchange Parameters in G. sinensis Leaves
3.5. Effects of Low P Stress on Physiological Enzyme Activities in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.5.1. Effects of Low P Stress on Acid Phosphatase Activity in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.5.2. Effects of Low P Stress on Malondialdehyde Content in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.5.3. Effects of Low P Stress on the Activity of Cell Protective Enzymes in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.6. Effects of Low P Stress on Mineral Elements of G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.6.1. Effects of Low P Stress on the Elemental Composition of the Root System in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.6.2. Effects of Low P Stress on the Elemental Composition of Stem Segments in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.6.3. Effects of Low P Stress on the Elemental Composition of Leaves in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.7. Effects of Low P Stress on P Absorption Efficiency and Utilization Efficiency in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
3.8. Effects of Low P Stress on Element Allocation in G. sinensis Seedlings with Different P Efficiencies
4. Discussion
4.1. Changes in Plant Growth and Root Morphology under Low P Stress
4.2. Changes in Plant Photosynthetic Capacity under Low P Stress
4.3. Changes in Physiological Enzyme Activities of Plants under Low P Stress
4.4. Changes in Plant Nutrients under Low P Stress
4.5. Changes in Plant P Utilization Efficiency under Low P Stress
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicators | Different P Efficiency Families | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F10 | F13 | F21 | F29 | ||
Plant height/cm | LP | 21.87 aA | 15.67 bA | 15.47 bB | 13.53 cB |
NP | 22.80 aA | 16.90 cA | 19.67 bA | 18.07 cA | |
LP/NP | 0.96 a | 0.93 a | 0.69 b | 0.86 a | |
Stem diameter/mm | LP | 4.04 aA | 4.34 aB | 2.60 bB | 2.74 bB |
NP | 3.55 bB | 4.70 aA | 3.72 bA | 4.63 aA | |
LP/NP | 1.14 a | 0.92 b | 0.70 c | 0.59 d | |
Number of leaves/leaf | LP | 22.67 aB | 23.33 aA | 18.67 bA | 16.00 cA |
NP | 32.67 aA | 20.67 bB | 18.67 bA | 19.33 bA | |
LP/NP | 0.70 d | 1.13 a | 1.00 b | 0.83 c | |
Leaf length/mm | LP | 12.00 aA | 11.96 aA | 8.65 bA | 10.84 aA |
NP | 11.98 aA | 12.76 aA | 10.46 bA | 12.76 aA | |
LP/NP | 1.00 a | 0.94 a | 0.83 a | 0.85 a | |
Leaf width/mm | LP | 6.21 aA | 5.73 abB | 5.59 bB | 5.22 bB |
NP | 6.49 aA | 6.44 aA | 6.47 aA | 6.58 aA | |
LP/NP | 0.96 a | 0.89 ab | 0.87 ab | 0.79 b | |
Compound leaf number/leaf | LP | 11.00 aB | 6.33 bA | 6.33 bA | 7.00 bA |
NP | 16.67 aA | 6.67 bA | 9.00 bA | 7.67 bA | |
LP/NP | 0.66 a | 0.95 a | 0.73 a | 0.92 a | |
Compound leaf length/cm | LP | 8.83 aA | 7.10 bA | 5.50 cB | 6.00 bcA |
NP | 9.67 aA | 6.40 bcA | 7.47 bA | 5.47 cA | |
LP/NP | 0.92 ab | 1.12 a | 0.74 b | 1.10 a | |
Compound leaf width/cm | LP | 2.37 aA | 2.33 aA | 2.03 aB | 2.10 aA |
NP | 2.47 aA | 2.40 aA | 2.37 aA | 2.17 aA | |
LP/NP | 0.96 a | 0.97 a | 0.86 b | 0.97 a | |
SPAD value | LP | 57.27 bA | 60.37 aA | 53.60 cA | 60.73 aB |
NP | 57.37 bA | 60.93 bA | 57.63 bA | 71.37 aA | |
LP/NP | 1.00 a | 0.99 a | 0.93 b | 0.85 c |
Indicators | Different P Efficiency Families | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F10 | F13 | F21 | F29 | ||
N (g·kg−1) | LP | 16.61 ± 0.12 cB | 14.72 ± 0.23 dB | 21.88 ± 0.13 aA | 20.38 ± 0.55 bA |
NP | 17.58 ± 0.29 abA | 16.85 ± 0.36 cA | 17.34 ± 0.45 bcB | 18.12 ± 0.23 aB | |
P (g·kg−1) | LP | 0.67 ± 0.04 cB | 0.65 ± 0.03 cB | 0.99 ± 0.01 aA | 0.95 ± 0.01 aA |
NP | 1.01 ± 0.04 aA | 0.87 ± 0.02 cA | 0.83 ± 0.04 cB | 0.82 ± 0.03 cB | |
K (g·kg−1) | LP | 8.79 ± 0.05 bB | 8.89 ± 0.72 bB | 14.41 ± 0.5 aA | 9.08 ± 0.94 bA |
NP | 10.45 ± 0.59 bA | 12.31 ± 0.57 aA | 8.88 ± 0.54 cB | 9.66 ± 0.73 bcA | |
Ca (g·kg−1) | LP | 8.58 ± 0.20 aA | 5.82 ± 0.08 bA | 5.91 ± 0.58 bA | 5.39 ± 0.06 bB |
NP | 7.91 ± 0.27 aB | 4.40 ± 0.11 cB | 4.81 ± 0.44 cA | 5.87 ± 0.04 bA | |
Mg (g·kg−1) | LP | 2.57 ± 0.03 bB | 2.49 ± 0.09 bcB | 2.84 ± 0.04 aB | 2.46 ± 0.02 cB |
NP | 3.27 ± 0.13 bcA | 2.82 ± 0.08 cA | 3.57 ± 0.29 abA | 3.98 ± 0.38 aA | |
Na (g·kg−1) | LP | 1.00 ± 0.11 cB | 1.60 ± 0.08 aB | 1.55 ± 0.03 abA | 1.45 ± 0.04 bA |
NP | 2.07 ± 0.12 aA | 1.91 ± 0.17 aA | 1.36 ± 0.06 bB | 1.50 ± 0.07 bA |
Indicators | Different P Efficiency Families | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F10 | F13 | F21 | F29 | ||
N (g·kg−1) | LP | 16.42 ± 1.37 bA | 17.69 ± 0.45 bA | 25.92 ± 0.12 aA | 25.88 ± 0.11 aA |
NP | 17.92 ± 0.2 dA | 18.52 ± 0.14 cA | 19.41 ± 0.1 bB | 22.32 ± 0.19 aB | |
P (g·kg−1) | LP | 0.73 ± 0.01 dB | 0.87 ± 0.01 cB | 1.14 ± 0.01 bA | 1.39 ± 0.02 aA |
NP | 0.84 ± 0.01 cA | 0.91 ± 0.01 bA | 0.81 ± 0.01 dB | 1.04 ± 0.01 aB | |
K (g·kg−1) | LP | 13.66 ± 0.19 aA | 12.8 ± 0.42 bA | 9.12 ± 0.18 cA | 9.52 ± 0.26 cA |
NP | 10.94 ± 0.01 aB | 7.74 ± 0.41 cB | 8.63 ± 0.26 bA | 9.23 ± 0.45 bA | |
Ca (g·kg−1) | LP | 7.32 ± 0.89 bA | 8.41 ± 0.45 aA | 7.21 ± 0.1 bA | 8.36 ± 0.23 aA |
NP | 5.34 ± 0.07 bB | 6.48 ± 0.07 aB | 6.65 ± 0.21 aB | 6.54 ± 0.15 aB | |
Mg (g·kg−1) | LP | 3.71 ± 0.24 aA | 3.59 ± 0.19 aA | 3.13 ± 0.02 bA | 3.17 ± 0.09 bA |
NP | 2.53 ± 0.2 aB | 2.68 ± 0.03 aB | 2.81 ± 0.05 aB | 2.64 ± 0.03 aB | |
Na (g·kg−1) | LP | 1.13 ± 0.02 aA | 0.92 ± 0.06 bA | 0.63 ± 0.01 cA | 0.50 ± 0.01 dA |
NP | 0.58 ± 0.02 aB | 0.55 ± 0.06 aB | 0.52 ± 0.02 abB | 0.28 ± 0.03 cB |
Indicators | Different P Efficiency Families | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F10 | F13 | F21 | F29 | ||
N (g·kg−1) | LP | 32.67 ± 0.72 cB | 35.98 ± 0.31 bA | 35.6 ± 0.44 bA | 38.46 ± 0.58 aA |
NP | 35.56 ± 0.61 aA | 34.13 ± 0.07 bB | 30.76 ± 0.08 cB | 35.83 ± 0.31 aB | |
P (g·kg−1) | LP | 0.97 ± 0.01 cB | 1.05 ± 0.06 bA | 1.35 ± 0.01 aA | 1.33 ± 0.02 aA |
NP | 1.20 ± 0.02 aA | 1.11 ± 0.01 bA | 1.11 ± 0.02 bB | 1.17 ± 0.02 aB | |
K (g·kg−1) | LP | 28.94 ± 1.05 bA | 22.98 ± 1.14 dA | 40.04 ± 0.73 aA | 27.12 ± 0.43 cA |
NP | 16.05 ± 0.52 cB | 15.33 ± 0.3 cB | 29.07 ± 0.49 aB | 20.14 ± 0.15 bB | |
Ca (g·kg−1) | LP | 27.91 ± 0.62 bA | 26.06 ± 1.45 cA | 27.01 ± 0.4 bcA | 34.69 ± 0.35 aA |
NP | 22.42 ± 0.3 cB | 25.37 ± 0.16 bA | 25.55 ± 0.44 bB | 27.02 ± 0.51 aB | |
Mg (g·kg−1) | LP | 7.04 ± 0.17 bA | 5.95 ± 0.25 dA | 7.83 ± 0.05 aA | 6.43 ± 0.06 cA |
NP | 4.69 ± 0.08 dB | 5.46 ± 0.03 bB | 6.73 ± 0.12 aB | 5.01 ± 0.10 cB | |
Na (g·kg−1) | LP | 0.65 ± 0.04 cB | 0.43 ± 0.02 dB | 2.05 ± 0.01 aA | 1.29 ± 0.00 bA |
NP | 1.66 ± 0.03 aA | 1.75 ± 0.03 aA | 1.05 ± 0.09 bB | 0.44 ± 0.01 cB |
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Lu, C.; Zou, R.; Wang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Xiao, F. The Growth and Physiological Responses of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Seedlings with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies to Low Phosphorus Stress. Forests 2024, 15, 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081343
Lu C, Zou R, Wang X, Zhao Y, Xiao F. The Growth and Physiological Responses of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Seedlings with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies to Low Phosphorus Stress. Forests. 2024; 15(8):1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081343
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Chunyun, Rong Zou, Xiurong Wang, Yang Zhao, and Feng Xiao. 2024. "The Growth and Physiological Responses of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Seedlings with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies to Low Phosphorus Stress" Forests 15, no. 8: 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081343