Next Article in Journal
A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
Next Article in Special Issue
Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gen I196L in the Georgia2010 Isolate Genome Does Not Affect Virus Replication or Virulence in Domestic Pigs
Previous Article in Journal
Innate Immune Sensing of Parapoxvirus Orf Virus and Viral Immune Evasion
Previous Article in Special Issue
A Systematic Literature Review of Variables Associated with the Occurrence of African Swine Fever
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Viruses
Volume 17
Issue 4
10.3390/v17040588
viruses-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023

by
Andrew D. Montecillo
1,2,*,
Zyne K. Baybay
1,
Jimwel Bryan Christopher Ferrer
1,
Wreahlen Cariaso
1,
Airish Pantua
1,
John Paulo Jose
3,
Rachel Madera
4,
Jishu Shi
4,
Karla Cristine Doysabas
5,
Alan Dargantes
5,
Kassey Alsylle T. Dargantes
5,
Anna Rochelle A. Boongaling
6,
Alfredo P. Manglicmot
6,
Lucille C. Villegas
2 and
Homer D. Pantua
1,2,*
1
BioAssets Corporation, City of Santo Tomas 4234, Batangas, Philippines
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
3
Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology (DOST-ITDI), Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
4
Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
5
College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines
6
Provincial Veterinary Office of Oriental Mindoro, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588
Submission received: 12 March 2025 / Revised: 7 April 2025 / Accepted: 17 April 2025 / Published: 21 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV))
Versions Notes

Abstract

An African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak was first recorded in the Philippines in July 2019. Since then, the disease has spread across provinces in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, causing severe economic consequences for the country’s swine industry. Here, we report the genome sequencing of ASF virus strains from outbreaks in several provinces of the Philippines between 2021 and 2023, using a long-read tiled amplicon sequencing approach. The coding-complete genomes generated ranged from 187,609 to 189,540 bp in length, with GC contents of 38.4% to 38.5%. Notably, a strain from the Bataan province had a 1.9 kb deletion at the 5′-end, affecting several coding regions. The strains were characterized using 13 genes and regions; namely the B646L gene, the CD2v serogroup, the central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene, the intergenic region (IGR) between the I73R and I329L genes, the IGR between A179L and A137R, O174L, K145R, Bt/Sj, J268L, and ECO2, the multigene family (MGF) 505-5R, and the MGF 505-9R and 10R regions. The ASFV strains were mostly related to Asian and European p72 genotype II strains. Genetic profiling provides valuable information on the diversity of local strains of ASFV in the Philippines, which are useful for epidemiology, diagnostics, and vaccine development.
Keywords: African swine fever virus; ASF; genomic epidemiology; whole-genome sequencing African swine fever virus; ASF; genomic epidemiology; whole-genome sequencing

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Montecillo, A.D.; Baybay, Z.K.; Ferrer, J.B.C.; Cariaso, W.; Pantua, A.; Jose, J.P.; Madera, R.; Shi, J.; Doysabas, K.C.; Dargantes, A.; et al. Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023. Viruses 2025, 17, 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588

AMA Style

Montecillo AD, Baybay ZK, Ferrer JBC, Cariaso W, Pantua A, Jose JP, Madera R, Shi J, Doysabas KC, Dargantes A, et al. Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023. Viruses. 2025; 17(4):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montecillo, Andrew D., Zyne K. Baybay, Jimwel Bryan Christopher Ferrer, Wreahlen Cariaso, Airish Pantua, John Paulo Jose, Rachel Madera, Jishu Shi, Karla Cristine Doysabas, Alan Dargantes, and et al. 2025. "Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023" Viruses 17, no. 4: 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588

APA Style

Montecillo, A. D., Baybay, Z. K., Ferrer, J. B. C., Cariaso, W., Pantua, A., Jose, J. P., Madera, R., Shi, J., Doysabas, K. C., Dargantes, A., Dargantes, K. A. T., Boongaling, A. R. A., Manglicmot, A. P., Villegas, L. C., & Pantua, H. D. (2025). Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023. Viruses, 17(4), 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop