Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hydrogels: Distinctive Properties for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration
2.1. Unique Physicochemical Properties Enabling Communication with Cells
2.2. Wide Variety of Drug Delivery Methods
2.2.1. Physical Loading
2.2.2. Covalent Conjugation and Electrostatic Interaction
2.3. Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels That Can Be Applied to Craniomaxillofacial Bone Reconstruction
2.3.1. Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels
2.3.2. Temperature-Responsive Hydrogels
2.3.3. Light-Responsive Hydrogels
2.3.4. pH-Responsive Hydrogels
3. Smart Hydrogels: Application in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Engineering
3.1. Appropriate Structure for Carrying Cargo
3.2. Smarter “Packing” of a Wide Range of Cargoes
3.3. Responding More Intelligently to “Deliver” Cargoes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strategies | Carriers | Cargoes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Dual drug delivery | Double-crosslinking architecture of borax-mixed alginate dialdehyde (ADA) and gelatin | Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder (mimicking the ECM environment of bone trauma) and hypoxia-pretreated bone marrow stromal cells | [15] |
>Aginate/collagen-based hydrogel | gMP-BMP2, pMP-IGF1 | [70] | |
Nanoparticles | Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-dextran (PLGA-Dex) | Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) | [71] |
Chitosan/hyaluronic acid-aldehyde hydrogel | Injectable soft self-repairing hydrogel–hydroxyapatite scaffold | [72] | |
PLGA | MgO/MgCO3 | [69] | |
Phosphocreatine-functionalized chitosan (CSMP) | MgO | [73] | |
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) | Chitosan-based hydrogel | Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC)-derived exosomes | [74] |
Gelatin | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) | [75] | |
Biomimic coating | Glycopeptide hydrogel | Self-assembly of β-sheet RADA16-grafted glucomannan | [16] |
Stimulus-Responsive System | Methods | Functional Block | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Ion-strength | Ca2+ can respond to free phosphate ions at the local bone defect | Ca–gellan gum (GG) hydrogel | [67] |
pH | Acylhydrazone bond cross-linking and DA click covalent cross-linking | Bio-glass (BG) | [83] |
Changes in osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity | Silica-based NPs | [84] | |
Temperature | PEG-dithiothreitol (DTT) | [85] | |
Pluronic F-127 (PEO®100PPO65PEO100) | [18] | ||
Calcium lactate (CaL) | [86] | ||
Light | UV-cleavable ester bond | Cholesterol-modified noncoding microRNA Chol-miR-26a | [87] |
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Yu, Y.; Yu, T.; Wang, X.; Liu, D. Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010150
Yu Y, Yu T, Wang X, Liu D. Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010150
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yi, Tingting Yu, Xing Wang, and Dawei Liu. 2023. "Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010150
APA StyleYu, Y., Yu, T., Wang, X., & Liu, D. (2023). Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010150