Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genetic Factors Influencing the Metabolism of MDMA
3. Genetic Factors Influencing Pharmacological MDMA Targets
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Polymorphisms (rsId) | Minor Allele Frequency (dbSNP) | Enzyme Activity | Studies | Sample Size | Results/Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CYP2B6 | rs3745274 | T = 0.255351/35,719 (ALFA) | Low activity | Vizeli et al. (2017) | 142 | Altered metabolism of MDMA | [46] |
CYP2C19 | rs4244285 | A = 0.149748/38,985 (ALFA) | Altered metabolism of MDMA Enhanced cardiovascular response | ||||
rs28399504 | G = 0.00319/863 (ALFA) | ||||||
CYP1A2 | rs762551 | C = 0.318648/21,670 (ALFA) | High activity | Altered metabolism of MDMA | |||
CYP2D6 | Not reported | N/A | Low activity | Wolff et al. (2012) | 48 | Increased production of cortisol | [44] |
Aitchison et al. (2012) | 48 | Increased risk of hyponatremia | [42] | ||||
De la Torre (2005) | 10 | Altered metabolism of MDMA | [40] | ||||
Schmid et al. (2016) | 139 | Increased blood pressure Altered metabolism of MDMA | [41] | ||||
High activity | Cuyas et al. (2011) | 60 | Altered metabolism of MDMA Altered cognitive effects | [43] | |||
COMT | rs4680 | A = 0.489085/138,095 (ALFA) | Low activity (met/*) | Cuyas et al. (2011) | 60 | Altered metabolism of MDMA Altered cognitive effects | [43] |
Wolff et al. (2012) | 48 | Increased production of cortisol | [44] | ||||
Aitchison et al. (2012) | 48 | Increased risk of hyponatremia | [42] | ||||
Pardo-Lozano et al. (2012) | 27 | Increased cardiovascular effects | [39] | ||||
rs165599 | G = 0.335031/76,442 (ALFA) | Low activity? | Fagundo et al. (2010) | 30 | Impaired language performances | [49] |
Gene | Genotypes | Studies | Sample Sizes | Results/Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5HTTLPR | s/s | Roiser et al. (2005) | 66 | Emotional disturbances | [55] |
Martin-Santos et al. (2009) | 37 | Mood disorders (comorbid primary mood disorder) | [56] | ||
Fagundo et al. (2010) | 30 | Impaired cognitive performance (verbal fluency) | [49] | ||
Cuyas et al. (2011) | 60 | Impaired cognitive performance (visuospatial attention and memory) | [43] | ||
Pardo-Lozano et al. (2012) | 27 | Emotional disturbances | [39] | ||
l/l | Kuypers et al. (2018) | 63 | Reduction in self-rated depressive feelings | [57] | |
l/* | Pardo-Lozano et al. (2012) | 27 | Cardiovascular effects | [39] |
Genes | Polymorphisms (rsId) | Minor Allele Frequency (dbSNP) | Studies | Sample Size | Results/Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPH1 | rs1800532 | T = 0.364661/23,040 (ALFA) | Vizeli et al. (2019) | 125 | No significant impact | [25] |
rs1799913 | T = 0.369055/34,238 (ALFA) | |||||
TPH2 | rs7305115 | T = 0./0 (ALFA) | ||||
5HTR1A | rs6295 | G = 0.479109/8646 (ALFA) | ||||
5HTRIB | rs6296 | G = 0.264684/13,303 (ALFA) | ||||
5HTR2B | rs6313 | A = 0.420112/145,567 (ALFA) | ||||
DAT1 | rs28363170 | Not reported | Vizeli et al. (2019) | 149 | [24] | |
rs3836790 | ||||||
rs6347 | C = 0.272059/35,631 (ALFA) | |||||
rs11133767 | T = 0.324161/26,010 (ALFA) | |||||
rs11564774 | G = 0.230439/4353 (ALFA) | |||||
rs460000 | C = 0./0 (ALFA) | |||||
rs463379 | C = 0.151071/2073 (ALFA) | |||||
DRD2/ANKK1 | rs1800497 | A = 0.204778/41,712 (ALFA) | ||||
DRD2 | rs6277 | A = 0.48466/33,521 (ALFA) | ||||
rs107959 | Not reported | |||||
DRD4 | rs1805186 | Not reported | ||||
OXTR | rs53576 | A = 0.326459/24,474 (ALFA) | Bershad et al. (2016) | 68 | [72] | |
Vizeli et al. (2018) | 123 | [73] | ||||
rs1042778 | C = 0./0 (ALFA) | Greater feelings of trust | ||||
rs2254298 | A = 0.139783/6522 (ALFA) | No significant impact | ||||
SLC6A2 | rs168924 | G = 0.147036/22,375 (ALFA) | Vizeli et al. (2018) | 124 | [75] | |
rs47958 | A = 0.433445/15,578 (ALFA) | |||||
rs1861647 | A = 0.205928/2668 (ALFA) | Increased cardiovascular response | ||||
rs2242446 | C = 0.283916/83,373 (ALFA) | |||||
rs36029 | G = 0.381354/8267 (ALFA) |
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Drevin, G.; Pena-Martin, M.; Bauduin, A.; Baudriller, A.; Briet, M.; Abbara, C. Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081091
Drevin G, Pena-Martin M, Bauduin A, Baudriller A, Briet M, Abbara C. Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081091
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrevin, Guillaume, Maria Pena-Martin, Aurélien Bauduin, Antoine Baudriller, Marie Briet, and Chadi Abbara. 2024. "Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 8: 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081091