Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder

Edinoff, Amber N.; Sall, Saveen; Roberts, T. Dean; Tomlinson, Henry H.; Soileau, Lenise G.; Jackson, Eric D.; Murnane, Kevin S.; Wenger, Danielle M.; Cornett, Elyse M.; Toms, Jaime; Kumbhare, Deepak; Kaye, Adam M.; Kaye, Alan D.

doi:10.3390/neurolint15010021

Open AccessReview

Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder

by

Amber N. Edinoff

^1,2,*

,

Saveen Sall

³,

T. Dean Roberts

⁴,

Henry H. Tomlinson

⁵,

Lenise G. Soileau III

⁶,

Eric D. Jackson

⁷,

Kevin S. Murnane

^2,3,8

,

Danielle M. Wenger

⁷,

Elyse M. Cornett

^2,8,9

,

Jaime Toms

^8,10,

Deepak Kumbhare

¹⁰,

Adam M. Kaye

¹¹

and

Alan D. Kaye

^2,8,9

¹

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA

²

Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

³

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

⁴

College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA

⁵

Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA

⁶

School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

⁷

College of Medicine—Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA

⁸

Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Science Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

⁹

Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

¹⁰

Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

¹¹

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA

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Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(1), 325-338; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

Submission received: 26 January 2023 / Revised: 14 February 2023 / Accepted: 23 February 2023 / Published: 27 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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Abstract

The increasing prevalence of stimulant use disorder (StUD) involving methamphetamine and cocaine has been a growing healthcare concern in the United States. Cocaine usage is associated with atherosclerosis, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Furthermore, approximately one of every four MIs is cocaine-induced among patients aged 18 to 45. Methamphetamine use has been associated with nerve terminal damage in the dopaminergic system resulting in impaired motor function, cognitive decline, and co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Current treatment options for StUD are extremely limited, and there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Behavioral interventions are considered first-line treatment; however, in a recent meta-analysis comparing behavioral treatment options for cocaine, contingency management programs provided the only significant reduction in use. Current evidence points to the potential of various neuromodulation techniques as the next best modality in treating StUD. The most promising evidence thus far has been transcranial magnetic stimulation which several studies have shown to reduce risk factors associated with relapse. Another more invasive neuromodulation technique being studied is deep-brain stimulation, which has shown promising results in its ability to modulate reward circuits to treat addiction. Results showing the impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of StUD are limited by the lack of studies conducted and the limited understanding of the neurological involvement driving addiction-based diseases such as StUD. Future studies should seek to provide data on consumption-reducing effects rather than craving evaluations.

Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation; neuromodulation; addiction; stimulants; cocaine; methamphetamine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Edinoff, A.N.; Sall, S.; Roberts, T.D.; Tomlinson, H.H.; Soileau, L.G., III; Jackson, E.D.; Murnane, K.S.; Wenger, D.M.; Cornett, E.M.; Toms, J.; et al. Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder. Neurol. Int. 2023, 15, 325-338. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

AMA Style

Edinoff AN, Sall S, Roberts TD, Tomlinson HH, Soileau LG III, Jackson ED, Murnane KS, Wenger DM, Cornett EM, Toms J, et al. Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder. Neurology International. 2023; 15(1):325-338. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edinoff, Amber N., Saveen Sall, T. Dean Roberts, Henry H. Tomlinson, Lenise G. Soileau, III, Eric D. Jackson, Kevin S. Murnane, Danielle M. Wenger, Elyse M. Cornett, Jaime Toms, and et al. 2023. "Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder" Neurology International 15, no. 1: 325-338. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

APA Style

Edinoff, A. N., Sall, S., Roberts, T. D., Tomlinson, H. H., Soileau, L. G., III, Jackson, E. D., Murnane, K. S., Wenger, D. M., Cornett, E. M., Toms, J., Kumbhare, D., Kaye, A. M., & Kaye, A. D. (2023). Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder. Neurology International, 15(1), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

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Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder

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