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Infectious Disease Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Infect. Dis. Rep., Volume 12, Issue 1 (February 2020) – 5 articles

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336 KiB  
Case Report
Peritonitis from Facultative Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Likely due to Translocation of Bacteria from Gut in a Patient Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
by Sreedhar Adapa, Srikanth Naramala, Harmandeep Singh Tiwana, Niraj Patel, Raman Verma, Narayana Murty Koduri and Venu Madhav Konala
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(1), 8376; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8376 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
The peritonitis caused by gram-negative organisms is a serious complication encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, often causing high morbidity and mortality. There has been recognition of peritonitis caused by uncommon organisms because of improved microbiological detection techniques. The healthcare providers involved in [...] Read more.
The peritonitis caused by gram-negative organisms is a serious complication encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, often causing high morbidity and mortality. There has been recognition of peritonitis caused by uncommon organisms because of improved microbiological detection techniques. The healthcare providers involved in the management of these patients should be very vigilant. We report a rare case of peritonitis caused bycA 42-year-old male on peritoneal dialysis for five years presented with abdominal pain and cloudy effluent. The peritoneal fluid analysis was consistent with peritonitis, and peritoneal fluid culture grew Citrobacter freundii. The patient was treated with two courses of double antibiotic coverage with intraperitoneal ceftazidime and oral ciprofloxacin, which failed to resolve the infection and hence resulted in the removal the peritoneal dialysis catheter and dialysis modality change. Full article
515 KiB  
Case Report
Imported Bancroftian Filariasis Discovered in a Patient Infected with Plasmodium falciparum: First Case of Concomitant Parasitism in the Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman
by Muhammad Muqeet Ullah, Ahmed Yar Mohammed Dawood Al Balushi, Nader Rahid Salim Al Aliyani, Biju Kalarikkal, Reeher Ian C. Miranda, Sherif Mohamed Sherif, Ahmed Salim Mubarak Al Habsi, Eman Khalfan Al Saidi, Adil Anver and Nouraldeen Hasan Qassem
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(1), 8304; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8304 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1008
Abstract
Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. Ninety-two percent (200 million) of malaria cases in 2017 were detected in the WHO African Region. This accounts for approximately 30% of [...] Read more.
Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. Ninety-two percent (200 million) of malaria cases in 2017 were detected in the WHO African Region. This accounts for approximately 30% of the global burden of LF disease and includes 405.9 million people at risk in 39 out of 46 member countries. Anopheles species of mosquitoes transmit Wuchereria bancrofti in most parts of Africa. Our case of a 23-year-old Nigerian woman highlights incidental laboratory findings showing the first malaria/filariasis coinfection in the governorate (province). This coinfection was ascertained during the usual medical screening before recruitment in Oman, which is routinely conducted for every expatriate. Full article
483 KiB  
Article
Influenza Species and Subtypes Circulation among Hospitalized Patients in Laleh Hospital during Two Influenza Seasonal (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) Using a Multiplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction
by Iman Rezaee Azhar, Minoo Mohraz, Masoud Mardani, Mohammad Ali Tavakoli, Amin Ehteshami Afshar, Mohammad Zamani, Simin Sadeghpoor, Saeid Safari, Roozbeh Dadashpoor, Mahsa Rezaee, Fariba Shirvani, Shohreh Azimi, Zahra Heydarifard, Hamidreza Hagh Ranjbar, Amir Hossain Lotfi, Farhad Mosadegh, Farhad Hashemnejad and Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(1), 8139; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8139 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 990
Abstract
The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques has improved the detection of respiratory viruses, particularly with the use of multiplex real-time technique with the capability of simultaneous detection of various pathogens in a single reaction. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques has improved the detection of respiratory viruses, particularly with the use of multiplex real-time technique with the capability of simultaneous detection of various pathogens in a single reaction. The aim of this study was to apply the above technology for the diagnosis of influenza infections and at the same time to differentiate between common flu species between hospitalized patients in Laleh hospital (Iran) between two flu seasons (2016- 2017 and 2017-2018). Different respiratory specimens were collected from 540 patients from a period of December 2016 to May 2018 and were sent to the laboratory for molecular diagnosis. RNAs were extracted and subsequently, a multiplex real time PCR identifying flu A, flu B and typing flu A (H1N1) was carried out. The mean age of patients was 47.54±23.96. 216 (40%) and 321 (60%) of subjects were male and female, respectively. 219 out of 540 (40.5%) were positive for influenza infection including flu A (n=97, 44.3%), flu A (H1N1) (n=45, 20.7%) and flu B (n=77, 35%). Flu A was the dominant species on 2016-2017 and flu B was the major species on 2017-2018. Flu A (H1N1) was comparable in both time periods. Flu infections were most frequently diagnosed in age groups 21-40. Flu-positive patients suffered more from body pain and sore throat than flunegative patients with significant statistical difference (P values <0.001). The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter for flu-positive patients (P value = 0.016). Application of multiplex real time PCR could facilitate the influenza diagnosis in a short period of time, benefiting patients from exclusion of bacterial infections and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic therapy. Influenza diagnosis was not achieved in up to 60% of flu-like respiratory infections, suggesting the potential benefit of adopting the same methodology for assessing the involvement of other viral or/and bacterial pathogens in those patients. Full article
336 KiB  
Opinion
National Institute for the Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 Clinical Management
by Emanuele Nicastri, Nicola Petrosillo, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Luciana Lepore, Annalisa Mondi, Fabrizio Palmieri, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Luisa Marchioni, Silvia Murachelli, Giuseppe Ippolito and Andrea Antinori for the INMI COVID-19 Treatment Group (ICOTREG)
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(1), 8543; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8543 - 17 Mar 2020
Cited by 123 | Viewed by 5004
Abstract
On January 9th, 2020, the “World Health Organization” (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a diseases (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9th, 2020, WHO declared [...] Read more.
On January 9th, 2020, the “World Health Organization” (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a diseases (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9th, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The “L. Spallanzani” National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; these recomendations should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data. *for the INMI COVID-19 Treatment Group – ICOTREG Abdeddaim A, Agrati C, Albarello F, Antinori A, Ascoli Bartoli T, Baldini F, Bellagamba R, Bevilacqua N, Bibas M, Biava G, Boumis E, Busso D, Camici M, Capobianchi MR, Capone A, Caravella I, Cataldo A, Cerilli S, Chinello G, Cicalini S, Corpolongo A, Cristofaro M, D’Abramo A, Dantimi C, De Angelis G, De Palo MG, D’Offizi G, De Zottis F, Di Lorenzo R, Di Stefano F, Fusetti M, Galati V, Gagliardini R, Garotto G, Gebremeskel Tekle Saba, Giancola ML, Giansante F, Girardi E, Goletti D, Granata G, Greci MC, Grilli E, Grisetti S, Gualano G, Iacomi F, Iannicelli G, Ippolito G, Lepore L, Libertone R, Lionetti R, Liuzzi G, Loiacono L, Macchione M, Marchioni L, Mariano A, Marini MC, Maritti M, Mastrobattista A, Mazzotta V, Mencarini P, Migliorisi-Ramazzini P, Mondi A, Montalbano M, Mosti S, Murachelli S, Musso M, Nicastri E, Noto P, Oliva A, Palazzolo C, Palmieri F, Pareo C, Petrone A, Pianura E, Pinnetti C, Pontarelli A, Puro V, Rianda A, Rosati S, Sampaolesi A, Santagata C, Scarcia D’Aprano S, Scarabello A, Schininà V, Scorzolini L, Stazi GV, Taibi C, Taglietti F, Tonnarini R, Topino S, Vergori A, Vincenzi L, Visco-Comandini U, Vittozzi P, Zaccarelli M, Zaccaro G. Full article
293 KiB  
Editorial
COVID-19 R0: Magic Number or Conundrum?
by Giulio Viceconte and Nicola Petrosillo
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(1), 8516; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8516 - 24 Feb 2020
Cited by 98 | Viewed by 1856
Abstract
There is an increasing concern about COVID-19 worldwide. [...] Full article
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