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Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 15
Issue 1
10.3390/idr15010014
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Case Report

Flea-Borne Typhus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Autopsy Case

by
Divya Chandramohan
1,
Moyosore Awobajo
2,
Olivia Fisher
2,
Christopher L. Dayton
3 and
Gregory M. Anstead
1,4,*
1
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
2
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
3
Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
4
Medical Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2023, 15(1), 132-141; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010014
Submission received: 26 December 2022 / Revised: 5 February 2023 / Accepted: 8 February 2023 / Published: 20 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Diseases)
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Abstract

Infection with members of the order Rickettsiales (the genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Orientia, and Ehrlichia) is known to cause hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The literature is scant on flea-borne typhus (FBT) being implicated in this process. We present a case of autopsy-proven HLH caused by FBT in a 71-year-old diabetic female who was initially suspected of having diabetic ketoacidosis who rapidly suffered decompensated multi-organ failure. Although she was suspected of having FBT and HLH pre-mortem, due to her rapid progression to multi-organ failure, she was transitioned to comfort care by her family five days after admission. A literature search yielded five other cases of HLH secondary to FBT, which are analyzed in this review. The literature on HLH occurring with infection due to other members of the order Rickettsiales is also surveyed.
Keywords: flea-borne typhus; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; fatal; Rickettsia typhi; Rickettsia felis; autopsy flea-borne typhus; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; fatal; Rickettsia typhi; Rickettsia felis; autopsy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chandramohan, D.; Awobajo, M.; Fisher, O.; Dayton, C.L.; Anstead, G.M. Flea-Borne Typhus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Autopsy Case. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2023, 15, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010014

AMA Style

Chandramohan D, Awobajo M, Fisher O, Dayton CL, Anstead GM. Flea-Borne Typhus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Autopsy Case. Infectious Disease Reports. 2023; 15(1):132-141. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chandramohan, Divya, Moyosore Awobajo, Olivia Fisher, Christopher L. Dayton, and Gregory M. Anstead. 2023. "Flea-Borne Typhus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Autopsy Case" Infectious Disease Reports 15, no. 1: 132-141. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010014

APA Style

Chandramohan, D., Awobajo, M., Fisher, O., Dayton, C. L., & Anstead, G. M. (2023). Flea-Borne Typhus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Autopsy Case. Infectious Disease Reports, 15(1), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010014

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