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Sustainability
Volume 10
Issue 11
10.3390/su10114316
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Article

Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence

by
Ronny Correa-Quezada
1,
Diego Fernando García-Vélez
1,
María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama
2,* and
José Álvarez-García
3
1
Department of Economics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja 11-01-608, Ecuador
2
Business Organisation and Marketing Department, Faculty of Business Administration and Tourism, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
3
Financial Economy and Accounting Department, Faculty of Finance, Business and Tourism, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4316; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114316
Submission received: 16 October 2018 / Revised: 8 November 2018 / Accepted: 16 November 2018 / Published: 21 November 2018
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Abstract

The objective of this research is to identify from a spatial and temporal perspective the territories that are located in a “poverty trap” scenario. This is a scenario that does not allow overcoming the conditions and determinants that gave rise to this precarious situation, creating a vicious circle where the conditions of poverty endure through time. The methodology applied is an exploratory analysis of spatial dependence through Moran’s scatterplot and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) maps to visualize the spatial clusters of poverty. The database used is that of the population and housing censuses of 1990, 2001, and 2010 at the cantonal level. The results determine that 73 cantons were in a poverty trap over the period 1990–2001, while from 2001–2010, there were 75 cantons in this situation, which were located mainly in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Manabí, and Loja.
Keywords: poverty trap; unsatisfied basic needs (UBN); spatial clusters; exploratory spatial data analysis; Ecuador poverty trap; unsatisfied basic needs (UBN); spatial clusters; exploratory spatial data analysis; Ecuador

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MDPI and ACS Style

Correa-Quezada, R.; García-Vélez, D.F.; Del Río-Rama, M.d.l.C.; Álvarez-García, J. Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114316

AMA Style

Correa-Quezada R, García-Vélez DF, Del Río-Rama MdlC, Álvarez-García J. Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence. Sustainability. 2018; 10(11):4316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114316

Chicago/Turabian Style

Correa-Quezada, Ronny, Diego Fernando García-Vélez, María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama, and José Álvarez-García. 2018. "Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence" Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114316

APA Style

Correa-Quezada, R., García-Vélez, D. F., Del Río-Rama, M. d. l. C., & Álvarez-García, J. (2018). Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence. Sustainability, 10(11), 4316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114316

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