An Approach to Study Groundwater Flow Field Evolution Time Scale Effects and Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. Data
2.3. Research on Scale Effect
2.4. Dominant Factor Analysis
2.5. Quantitative Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Scale Effect and Stage Division of the Evolution of the Groundwater Flow Field
3.2. Characteristics of Groundwater Flow Field Evolution
3.3. Analysis of Dominant Factors
3.4. Quantitative Analysis of Influence of Precipitation and Exploitation on Groundwater Levels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Decades | Precipitation/mm | Range of Variation/% |
---|---|---|
1951–1960 | 614.2 | 0.00 |
1961–1970 | 525.5 | 14.4 |
1971–1980 | 467.0 | −24.0 |
1981–1990 | 477.5 | −22.3 |
1991–2000 | 470.4 | −23.4 |
2001–2010 | 472.0 | −23.2 |
Year | <5 m | 5–10 m | 10–15 m | 15–20 m | 20–25 m | 25–30 m | 30–35 m | 35–40 m | 40–45 m | >45 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | 7945 | 260 | ||||||||
1975 | 791 | 5525 | 1832 | 57 | ||||||
1985 | 239 | 1932 | 3788 | 1904 | 252 | 89 | ||||
1995 | 62 | 293 | 2011 | 1209 | 2851 | 1386 | 315 | 76 | 2 | |
2005 | 18 | 257 | 758 | 1277 | 893 | 908 | 2024 | 1742 | 296 | 30 |
Equilibrium Elements | Evolution Stage | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural Flow Field Stage | Mild Overexploitation Stage | Depression Cone Formation Stage | Serious Overexploitation Stage | Exploitation Reduction Stage | ||
Input fluxes | Infiltration from precipitation | 23.00 | 19.19 | 20.67 | 20.06 | 24.30 |
Leakage of watercourse | 15.00 | 2.82 | 3.12 | 4.68 | 0.81 | |
Infiltration from canal system | 11.00 | 9.48 | 3.24 | 2.40 | 1.82 | |
Infiltration from irrigation | 12.00 | 11.39 | 8.12 | 7.72 | 7.71 | |
Lateral influx | 10.00 | 8.28 | 8.77 | 6.73 | 5.88 | |
Subtotal | 71.00 | 51.15 | 43.92 | 41.58 | 40.52 | |
Output fluxes | Exploitation | 20.00 | 43.45 | 52.24 | 55.96 | 53.47 |
Lateral outflux | 8.00 | 5.39 | 3.84 | 2.47 | 6.01 | |
Subtotal | 28.00 | 48.85 | 56.08 | 58.43 | 59.48 |
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Wang, D.; Zhang, G.; Feng, H.; Wang, J.; Tian, Y. An Approach to Study Groundwater Flow Field Evolution Time Scale Effects and Mechanisms. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092972
Wang D, Zhang G, Feng H, Wang J, Tian Y. An Approach to Study Groundwater Flow Field Evolution Time Scale Effects and Mechanisms. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092972
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Dianlong, Guanghui Zhang, Huimin Feng, Jinzhe Wang, and Yanliang Tian. 2018. "An Approach to Study Groundwater Flow Field Evolution Time Scale Effects and Mechanisms" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092972