Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Overview of Different Life Cycle Cost Frameworksfor Electric Vehicles
2. Review Methodology
2.1. Review Approach
2.2. Review Planning
2.3. Conducting the Review
2.4. Bibliometric Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Time Trend of Publications
3.2. Geographical Distribution of the Published Articles on LCC of EVs
3.3. Journal Analysis
3.4. Comparison of the LCC of the Different EV Model
3.5. Bibliometric Analysis Using VOSviewer
4. Implications of the Study in Terms of Existing Policies and Legislations
5. Conclusions and Future Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Article | Journal | Citation | H Index (SJR) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Influence of driving patterns on life cycle cost and emissions of hybrid and plug-in electric vehicle powertrains | Energy Policy | 166 | 178 | [34] |
Cost analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles including maintenance and repair costs and resale values | World Electric Vehicle Journal | 93 | 13 | [35] |
Electric vehicles in Portugal: An integrated energy, greenhouse gas and cost life cycle analysis | IEEE | 22 | 250 | [36] |
Life cycle private costs of hybrid electric vehicles in the current Chinese market | Energy Policy | 52 | 178 | [26] |
Life cycle private cost-based competitiveness analysis of electric vehicles in China considering the intangible cost of traffic policies | Applied Energy | 31 | 162 | [24] |
Life cycle cost analysis of different vehicle technologies in Singapore | World Electric Vehicle Journal | 14 | 13 | [37] |
Energy consumption and cost-benefit analysis of hybrid and electric city buses | Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies | 197 | 100 | [38] |
Does a battery-electric truck make a difference?—Life cycle emissions, costs, and externality analysis of alternative fuel-powered Class 8 heavy-duty trucks in the United States | Journal of Cleaner Production | 54 | 150 | [39] |
The economic competitiveness and emissions of battery electric vehicles in China | Applied Energy | 46 | 162 | [40] |
Electric vehicle cost, emissions, and water footprint in the United States: development of a regional optimization model | Energy Policy | 68 | 178 | [41] |
Electric vehicles for greenhouse gas reduction in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis | Transportation Research Part D: Emerging Technologies | 34 | 100 | [42] |
Life cycle environmental and economic impact assessment of alternative transport fuels and power-train technologies | Energy | 28 | 158 | [10] |
A cost–benefit analysis of electric loaders to reduce diesel emissions in underground hard rock mines | IEEE | 23 | 250 | [43] |
The development pattern design of Chinese electric vehicles based on the analysis of the critical price of the life cycle cost | Energy Policy | 6 | 178 | [44] |
A cost-benefit analysis of V2G electric vehicles supporting peak shaving in Shanghai | Electric Power System Research | 104 | [45] | |
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Electrical Vehicles in Australia | Procedia CIRP | 12 | 41 | [25] |
An optimal electric vehicle investment model for consumers using total cost of ownership: A real option approach | Applied Energy | 162 | [46] | |
Total cost of ownership and externalities of conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles | Transportation Research Procedia | 19 | 17 | [47] |
Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan | Applied Energy | 90 | 162 | [48] |
Country | Policies and Legislations | Year |
---|---|---|
Canada | Stringent laws on GHG emissions to encourage EVs | 2010 |
Incentive programs inform of tax rebates and or credit by the provincial government | 2011 | |
United States | American Recovery and Reinvestment Acts established tax credits for purchasing EVs and conversion kits to retrofit conventionally powered vehicles with EVs capability | 2009 |
New Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) standards to encourage the expanded market entry of electric drive technologies | 2012 | |
Spain | Spanish National Policy Framework (MAN)-Framework to develop the EV market. | 2014 |
Royal Decree 1053/2014: To support the deployment of recharging infrastructure of EVs. | 2014 | |
Strategic plan (2014–2020) to promote alternative energy vehicles was launched. | 2015 | |
Incentives for vehicle acquisitions (PLAN MOVEA): This is a new incentive plan for alternative vehicle acquisition. | 2017 | |
The Netherlands | Special Tax rule: Exemption of EVs from yearly road tax. | 2006 |
National Action Plan for Electric Driving: This plan was to make the Netherlands an international laboratory for electric driving (2009–2011). | 2009 | |
Italy | Directive Alternative Fuel Initiative. | 2014 |
Law on the incentive to purchase EVs. | 2015 | |
Super amortization law. | 2017 | |
Switzerland | Bill to limit CO2 emission to 130 g/km: This is to encourage EVs. | 2015 |
Believed that the introduction of EVs should be driven by market forces. | ||
Turkey | Vehicle Taxation Measures. | |
Special consumption tax. | 2016 | |
An annual vehicle tax. | 2016 | |
Denmark | Danish EV promotion program: allocated 30 million DKK to promote demonstration programs for battery EVs. | 2008 |
Establishment of the Center for Green Transport to create a framework for sustainable transport. | 2009 | |
Edison project for EVs and PHEVs. | ||
Exemptions of battery EVs from registration tax and annual tax. | 2009 | |
France | Tax incentives. | 2008 |
Charging infrastructure working group. | 2010 | |
Germany | EV-related taxes. | 2012 |
Portugal | Framework for electric mobility. | 2010 2011 |
Incentives targeting EVs. | ||
EV exemptions from vehicle acquisition tax. | ||
Consumer incentives for EVs. | ||
Compulsory installation of electric mobility charging infrastructure in parking areas of new buildings. | ||
Special EVs access to the priority lane, | ||
Preferential parking area for EVs in urban centers. | ||
Finland | Vehicle taxations. | 2008 |
Full exemptions of purchase tax and annual tax for EVs. | ||
Belgium | Registration tax benefits, ownership tax benefits, company tax benefits purchase subsidies and other financial benefits. |
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Ayodele, B.V.; Mustapa, S.I. Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062387
Ayodele BV, Mustapa SI. Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12(6):2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062387
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyodele, Bamidele Victor, and Siti Indati Mustapa. 2020. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis" Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062387