Introducing a Multiscalar Framework for Biocluster Research: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Concept of Scales and Multiscalarity
2.1. What Are Scales
2.2. Scales for Sustainability Performance of Bioclusters
3. Data and Methodology
3.1. Article Retrieval
3.2. Inclusion Criteria
3.3. Description of the Sample of the Case Studies
3.4. Data Extraction
3.4.1. Developing the Multiscalar Framework
3.4.2. Classifying the Sustainability Performance of Bioclusters
4. Results
4.1. The Multiscalar Framework
4.2. The Relationship among the Scales of Biocluster Performance
5. Discussion
5.1. Multiscalar Framework and its Application
5.2. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case Study | References to Economic Performance | Economic Performance | Environmental Performance | Social Performance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cork cluster in Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal [52] | [cluster] is the main source of employment, added value, and exports, and the main support of this key sector in Portugal | Good | environmental benefits | social development |
IAR-Pole, Hauts-de-France and Grand Est, Northern France [53] | complete innovation ecosystem on bioeconomy; largest bioeconomy network in France | Good | environmental benefits | |
Forestry cluster in North Karelia, Finland [54] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) | Good | pollution reduction | |
Xylofutur cluster, Aquitaine, France [54] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) all three segments of the triple helix model […] actively included in the sectoral development; cluster organization […] connects all three spheres and outreaches across sectoral and regional boundaries | Good | environmental benefits | |
Forestry cluster in Baden-Württemberg, Germany [54] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) strong sectoral organizations from all triple helix spheres | Good | utilizing renewable energies | |
Bioeconomy cluster, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany [55] | outstanding research in interdisciplinary teams; innovative industrial companies | Good | environmental preservation | |
Southern and Western Catalan olive oil cluster, Spain [56] | favorable factors of Porter’s diamond of national competitive advantage; successful response of agents to changing conditions | Good | ||
Waste Management EcoComplex, North Carolina, USA [50] | EcoComplex demonstrates leadership as a regional model and unique case study; key elements of triple helix working in collaboration | Good | striving towards zero waste | |
Vegetable breeding cluster, the Netherlands [57] | this successful industry is playing important roles in the Dutch public domains; one of the most innovative in the world | Good | environmental benefits | |
Paso Robles wine cluster, California, USA [51] | an image of a rising star in the wine world; a consistent increase in the number of wines and the average rating in Wine Spectator | Good | ||
Cluster in Horticulture, Campo de Dalías, Almeria, Spain [58] | […] generating systemic and dynamic competitive advantages; the economic model […] has allowed growth of both the economy and the population of Almería | Good | environmental advantages | social benefits |
Wine cluster in Rioja, Spain [59] | the production of wine in Rioja has developed a successful cluster, which has fostered innovation and regional competitiveness | Good | social development | |
Wood cluster, Holmes, northeastern Ohio, USA [60] | unusual competitive success; the presence of this successful […] cluster helps sustain regional forest-based economies | Good | ||
Wood waste processing cluster, Maniwa, Okayama Prefecture, western Japan [44] | the social capital […], the attitude and values […], institutions, and their relationships, contributed to the economic and social development, as well as environmental preservation, thus turning the Maniwa model to a success story | Good | CO2 reduction | social development |
Furniture cluster, Brianza area, Italy [61] | the district of Brianza [has] a leading position in the production of high-quality furniture | Good | ||
Forest and wood-processing cluster in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany [62] | [cluster] is of nationwide and international relevance; highly significant for the regional economy and employment market | Good | environmental advantages | |
Salmon industry cluster, Tenth region, Chile [63] | (based on the content of the article—no specific references) | Good | reduced environmental impact | |
Agroindustry cluster, Curicó and Talca, Chile [63] | (based on the content of the article —no specific references) | Good | ||
Tilapia production cluster in Olancho, Honduras [64] | successful adoption and retention of tilapia culture; […] facilitates technology adoption, production success, and marketing competence for all its members | Good | ||
Sustainable agribusiness cluster, Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia [65] | the multi-stakeholders [of the] cluster should develop better relationship, […] communication, […] collaboration; some parties still doubt and lack of trust (potential plurality challenge) | Average | environmental advantages | social benefits |
Bioeconomy Campus, Tarvaala, Northern Central Finland [66] | somewhat lagging within the existing industrial structure; lacks the specificity of a distinct cluster and […] a market-driven perspective | Average | ||
Wine cluster in Valle del Maule, Chile [67] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) | Average | ||
Wine cluster in Serra Gaúcha, Brazil [67] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) | Average | ||
The Canal Zone, Zeeland, The Netherlands [68] | occasional lack of government support; occasional difficulties in creating a cluster | Average | reduction of environmental impact | |
Maine-et-Loire Horticultural Cluster, Angers, Anjou Region, Western France [69] | incompatibility between the industrial strategies of national and regional governments and local economic reality (potential plurality challenge) | Average | ||
Shrimp processing cluster, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam [70] | lack of public awareness and community action (ignorance challenge) | Average | reducing pollution, protecting natural resources | |
Forestry cluster, Kouvola, Southeast Finland [71] | policy instruments have [not] succeeded in […] systematically encouraging operators toward symbiosis-like activities | Average | environmental benefits | |
Bordeaux Wines Terroir Cluster, France [72] | (based on the content of the article—no specific references) | Average | ||
Nelson/Marlborough seafood cluster, Upper South Island, New Zealand [73] | incomplete local supply chain; inadequate educational programs | Average | contributed to slowing down the serious exploitation facing fisheries | social development, responsibility towards social and cultural conditions |
Agroindustry cluster, Piceno district, the Marche Region, Italy [74] | (based on the content of the article—no specific references) | Average | ||
Mechanical wood processing industry, Eastern Finland [75] | poorly structured production network, resulting in inefficient production processes; lack of trust | Average | ||
Dairy cluster in Nueva Guinea, Nicaragua [76] | issues related to weak governance and an absence of necessary policies and programs | Average | ||
Hassan Biofuel Park, Karnataka, India [77] | plurality challenge—discrepancy in the political intentions of different governmental levels regarding biodiesel: […] while India’s national and Karnataka’s state-level biodiesel policies set blending targets as their main priorities, the Hassan Bio-Fuel Park project is heralded by policy-makers for its intention to contribute to the eradication of rural poverty without affecting food production | Poor | ||
Basque Country Wood cluster, Spain [54] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) plurality challenge—complicated administrative system and a lack of trust and co-operation among the various stakeholders; governmental actors seem to be very weak when it comes to innovation support […] which is a severe obstacle for developing a support system in the sector | Poor | ||
Catalonia Wood cluster, Spain [54] | (based on the comparative analysis of the cases in the article) weak sectoral innovation system | Poor | ||
Agroindustry cluster in horticulture in Sinaloa, Mexico [78] | plurality challenge—lack of coordination among different administrative levels of government; weak economic effects, adverse social and ecological effects; […we have enough elements to qualify Sinaloa as a dysfunctional territory…] | Poor | adverse ecological effects | adverse social effects |
Floriculture cluster, Maumee Valley, Ohio, USA [79] | persistent social and cultural barriers and [problems breaking the traditional values and business models]; plurality challenge—[the expectations of policy makers may not coincide with industry participants]; opposite expectations and perception between policy-makers and local stakeholders | Poor | ||
Québec coastal maritime cluster, Canada [80] | no data | |||
Rizhao Economic and Technology Development Area, Rizhao, China [81] | no data | striving toward minimal use of raw materials and energy, minimal production of waste and emissions | ||
Biobased Economy Park, Cuijk, The Netherlands [82] | no data | CO2 reduction | social advantages | |
Broad specialization cluster, Flemish-Dutch Delta, The Netherlands [83] | no data | |||
Textile/clothing cluster, Como, Italy [61] | no data |
Scale | Economic Performance | ||
---|---|---|---|
Good | Average | Poor | |
Environmental performance | 63% | 38% | 20% * |
Social performance | 21% | 15% | 20% * |
Sources of Natural Resources | Administrative Scale | Knowledge Accumulation and Learning | Geographical Scale | Institutional Scale | Availability of Financial Resources | Economic Performance | Environmental Performance | Social Performance | Network Size | Networking Intensity | Heterogeneity | Employment | Trust between Actors | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources of natural resources | 1 | |||||||||||||
Administrative scale | 0.11 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Knowledge acc. and learning | 0.11 | 0.04 | 1 | |||||||||||
Geographical scale | - | - | - | 1 | ||||||||||
Institutional scale | 0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | - | 1 | |||||||||
Availability of financial resources | 0.05 | 0.35 * | 0.25 | - | 0.42 ** | 1 | ||||||||
Economic performance | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.16 | - | −0.04 | −0.11 | 1 | |||||||
Environmental performance | 0.19 | 0.51 ** | −0.14 | - | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 1 | ||||||
Social performance | 0 | 0.04 | 0.13 | - | 0.11 | 0.41 ** | −0.01 | 0.39 * | 1 | |||||
Network size | 0.14 | −0.16 | −0.07 | - | −0.23 | −0.06 | 0.04 | −0.2 | 0.17 | 1 | ||||
Networking intensity | 0.06 | −0.05 | 0.4 ** | - | −0.17 | −0.11 | 0.43 ** | −0.21 | −0.11 | −0.11 | 1 | |||
Heterogeneity | 0.1 | −0.05 | 0.34 * | - | 0.05 | 0 | −0.09 | −0.15 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 1 | ||
Employment | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.24 | - | −0.05 | 0.52 ** | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.4 ** | −0.08 | 0.2 | −0.01 | 1 | |
Trust between actors | −0.05 | −0.16 | 0.11 | - | 0.01 | −0.11 | −0.12 | −0.24 | 0.12 | 0.22 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.22 | 1 |
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Ayrapetyan, D.; Hermans, F. Introducing a Multiscalar Framework for Biocluster Research: A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3890. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093890
Ayrapetyan D, Hermans F. Introducing a Multiscalar Framework for Biocluster Research: A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12(9):3890. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093890
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyrapetyan, David, and Frans Hermans. 2020. "Introducing a Multiscalar Framework for Biocluster Research: A Meta-Analysis" Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3890. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093890