Virtual and Space Tourism as New Trends in Travelling at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tourism at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic vs. New Challenges
3. Virtual and Augmented Reality
- a non-immersive one consisting of observation of a virtual environment on high definition monitors;
- a semi-immersive one that can be attached to the system of projection on a big screen or multi-television projection;
- an immersive one affecting many senses via a virtual world by means of, inter alia, using the system of presentation on display units put directly of the head [29].
4. Characteristics of Selected Applications Using Virtual and Augmented Reality in Tourism
4.1. Google Earth VR
4.1.1. Google Earth VR
4.1.2. Google Street View
4.2. VR Sight-Seeing at a Regional or Destination Level
4.2.1. Virtual Sightseeing of the Wawel Royal Castle in Poland
4.2.2. Chernobyl VR Project
5. Essence of Space Tourism and Selected Applications Using VR in Space Tourism
5.1. KSC 360 Expedition
5.2. The NASA SLS VR Experience
5.3. International Space Station Tour VR
5.4. Spacewalk VR Experience
5.5. Moon Base
5.6. Mission: Mars
6. Materials and Methods
7. Results
8. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specifications | N = 564 | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 348 | 61.7 |
Male | 216 | 38.3 | |
Age | 18–24 years old | 24 | 4.3 |
25–34 | 257 | 45.6 | |
35–44 | 132 | 23.4 | |
45–54 | 84 | 14.9 | |
55–64 years old | 67 | 11.9 | |
Education | Primary | 12 | 2.1 |
Basic vocational | 60 | 10.6 | |
Secondary | 390 | 69.1 | |
Higher | 102 | 18.1 | |
Place of residence | Village | 84 | 14.9 |
Town with up to 5 thousand residents | 6 | 1.1 | |
Town with from 5 thousand to 50 thousand residents | 54 | 9.6 | |
Town with from 50 thousand to 100 thousand residents | 30 | 5.3 | |
Town with from 100 thousand to 200 thousand residents | 36 | 6.4 | |
Town with over 200 thousand residents | 354 | 62.8 | |
Average (net) monthy income per family memeber | PLN 1001–1500 | 66 | 11.7 |
PLN 1501–2500 | 150 | 26.6 | |
PLN 2501–3500 | 144 | 25.5 | |
over PLN 3500 | 204 | 36.2 | |
Professional status | Blue-collar worker | 54 | 9.6 |
White-collar worker | 384 | 68.1 | |
Student | 54 | 9.6 | |
Entrepreneur | 18 | 3.2 | |
Self-employed | 42 | 7.4 | |
Pensioner | 12 | 2.1 |
Topics | Response |
---|---|
Respondents’ answers to the question about their knowledge of the concept VR | Yes, I know = 81%, I do not know = 19% |
Respondents’ knowledge of AR | Yes = 49%, No = 51% |
Respondents’ contact with virtual or augmented reality | Yes = 54%, Now = 46% |
Respondents’ use of applications/projects connected with tourism that use VR | Yes, Ex., Google Earth VR, Google street view, Chernobyl VR Project, Virtual Museum of Fine Art = 88%, No = 12% |
Topics | Response |
---|---|
Respondents’ opinions about satisfying a contemporary tourist’s cognitional needs during VR sightseeing | Yes = 27%, No = 56%, I have no opinion = 17% |
Respondents’ opinions on whether tourism with the use of VR can substitute for real traveling | Yes = 9%, No = 87%, I have no opinion = 4% |
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Roman, M.; Kosiński, R.; Bhatta, K.; Niedziółka, A.; Krasnodębski, A. Virtual and Space Tourism as New Trends in Travelling at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2022, 14, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020628
Roman M, Kosiński R, Bhatta K, Niedziółka A, Krasnodębski A. Virtual and Space Tourism as New Trends in Travelling at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2022; 14(2):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020628
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoman, Michał, Robert Kosiński, Kumar Bhatta, Arkadiusz Niedziółka, and Andrzej Krasnodębski. 2022. "Virtual and Space Tourism as New Trends in Travelling at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 14, no. 2: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020628