Digital Atlas of Tactics to Designing Sustainable Factories
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Existing Design-Support Tools to Mitigate the Negative Impact of Factories on the Landscape
1.2. A Research Project Supporting a Holistic, Sustainable Design of Factories
- To make it possible for potential users to find and understand tactics suitable to their project peculiarities.
- To make the effectiveness of the tactic(s) in which they are interested clear to users.
- To highlight mutual synergies among tactics and thus promote holistic, sustainable design and related benefits.
- To make it simple to the final users to search for tactics through their own mental scheme (i.e., open, flexible, and multi-facet searches).
2. Materials and Methods
- Collection of tactics, from the identification of eligibility criteria and the analysis of real-world case studies to the description of tactics.
- Definition of a weighting matrix for tactics, which can guide the users in selecting the most suitable to their goals.
- Definition of a faceted classification for tactics and its implementation, to highlight mutual links among tactics.
- Definition of the architecture of the Digital Atlas to meet the needs and preferences of potential users.
2.1. Collection of Tactics
- When a practice recurs the same in at least two cases, it is converted into a tactic.
- When two practices have a common denominator, a general tactic is extracted.
2.2. Weighing Matrix
2.3. Faceted Classification
- (i)
- The system of classification (whether taxonomy, faceted, or mixed).
- (ii)
- The type of interface (direct selection of category/attribute, Simple Query Interface (SQI), multiple filters, or a combination of them).
- (iii)
- The list of categories and attributes (when available, divided per level).
2.4. Architecture of the Digital Atlas
- What will the user look for?
- How will the user search for it?
- What language would he/she most likely use?
- How should search results be illustrated and organized to best serve the user?
3. Results
3.1. Collection of Tactics
3.2. Weighting Matrix
3.3. Faceted Classification
- (i)
- Type (i.e., Technological, Formal, functional, or management)
- (ii)
- Building part (e.g., Load-Bearing structure)
- (iii)
- Impact category (e.g., Climate change)
- (iv)
- Material (e.g., Wood)
- (v)
- Type of intervention (i.e., new construction, renovation, or suitable to both)
- (vi)
- General strategy (e.g., energy efficiency)
- (vii)
- Level (i.e., site, building, process, or not scale-dependent)
3.4. Architecture of the Digital Atlas
- Firstly, the content to be shown once the user accesses the atlas has been defined: tactics are the primary object of the search, then associated practices and case studies can be illustrated and references to bibliography or webography provided.
- The user will probably use keywords or access interesting categories to search tactics. Hence, the search interface might combine an SQI—as in many architectural portals—with a horizontal menu including multiple choices or filters. The two modes will allow users to follow the most suitable for them.
- The SQI will make use of an information-retrieval system linking typed words with synonyms or semantic fields connected to available tactics. An automatic filling tool for words can also be implemented to help non technicians.
- Results of the user search must be clear to both designers and entrepreneurs. Most relevant data should be highlighted, and the shift to linked information (tactics or supplementary materials) must be easy. Possibly, the user should be able to track the browsing and save preferred contents (either on the digital portal or by downloading a pdf version). Correlated tactics must be highlighted to the user basing the selection on the type of search (attributes or categories) the user is interested in.
3.5. Possible Implementation of the Atlas
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relative Efficacy | Benefit Duration | Controllability of Effect |
---|---|---|
Negative (−1) | <1 year (0) | None (0) |
None (0) | 1–3 years (1) | Occupants (1) |
Low (1) | 11–30 years (2) | Operation and Maintenance (2) |
Med (2) | 11–30 years (3) | Owner (3) |
High (3) | >30 years (4) | Passive (4) |
Category | Tactics |
---|---|
Integrative Process | IP 1.1 Stakeholders engagement IP 1.2 Multidisciplinary design team |
Location and Transport | LT 4.2 Urban location LT 6.1 Bike racks and showers |
Sustainable Site | SS 1.1 Site ventilation and cooling SS 5.2 Green folded surfaces |
Water Efficiency | WE 1.1 Outdoor reuse of rainwater WE 2.1 Water-saving technologies |
Energy and Atmosphere | EA 2.1 Ventilated façade EA 2.5 Ground thermal proprieties |
Materials and Resources | MR 1.2 Modular structure and/or components MR 5.1 Recovery of construction and demolition waste |
Indoor Environmental Quality | EQ 2.1 Eco-friendly finishing EQ 6.1 Smart lighting |
Innovation | IN 1.2 Recovery of heat/energy from processes IN 1.5 Treatment and reuse of process water |
Regional Priorities | RP 1.1 Sharing of facilities in consortium RP 1.2 Sharing of services and mixed use |
Perceptual aesthetic aspects | PA 1.3 Landform PA 4.1 Multifunction facility |
Tactic | Climate Change | Health and Well-Being | Water Resource | Biodiversity | Material Resource | Green Economy | Community |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IP 1.1 Stakeholder engagement | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
IP 1.2 Multidisciplinary design team | 10 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
LT 3.1 Building extension | 6 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
(ii) Building Part | (iii) Impact Category | (iv) Material | (vi) General Strategy |
---|---|---|---|
Load-bearing structure | Climate change | Wood | Energy efficiency |
Vertical envelope | Health and well-being | Concrete | Renewable resources |
Top horizontal envelope | Water resource | Metals | Bioclimatic |
Low horizontal envelope | Biodiversity | Glass | Sustainable mobility |
Internal partition | Material resource | Coating and paint | Community engagement |
Systems | Green economy | Vegetation a/o water | Well-Being of workers |
Outdoor equipment | Community | Visual mitigation |
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Marchi, L.; Antonini, E. Digital Atlas of Tactics to Designing Sustainable Factories. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074321
Marchi L, Antonini E. Digital Atlas of Tactics to Designing Sustainable Factories. Sustainability. 2022; 14(7):4321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074321
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarchi, Lia, and Ernesto Antonini. 2022. "Digital Atlas of Tactics to Designing Sustainable Factories" Sustainability 14, no. 7: 4321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074321