A Novel Hybrid Interval Rough SWARA–Interval Rough ARAS Model for Evaluation Strategies of Cleaner Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- to provide the best possible basis for the application of cleaner production in Libyan industry,
- (2)
- the development of a novel integrated interval rough SWARA–interval rough ARAS taking into account uncertainties in decision making, and
- (3)
- the additional enrichment of rough set theory and MCDM areas through the development and application of this integrated model.
2. Literature Review
2.1. MCDM Applications in Cleaner Production
2.2. Cleaner Production in Libya
- a law enacted in 1989 concerning regulatory procedures in the industrial sector (Law No. 22);
- a law enacted in 1982 concerning environmental legislation (Law No. 7);
- a law enacted in 1991 on industrial wastewater (Law No. 13);
- Law No. 5 of 1990, on standardization and metrology.
- −
- The Centre for Industrial Research.
- −
- Libyan National Centre for Standardisation and Metrology (LNCSM).
- −
- The Environment General Authority (EGA).
3. Methods
3.1. Operations with Interval Rough Numbers
3.2. A Novel Interval Rough SWARA Method
3.3. A Novel Interval Rough ARAS Method
4. Evaluation Strategies for Cleaner Production in Libyan Industry
4.1. MCDM Model Setting
4.2. Evaluation of the Criteria Using a Novel IRN SWARA Method
4.3. Evaluation of Cleaner Production Strategies Using a Novel IRN ARAS Method
5. Sensitivity Analysis and Discussion of Results
5.1. Checking the Robustness of the Solution Compared to Other MCDM Models
5.2. Adequacy for Changes in Criteria
5.3. Adequacy to Supporting Group Decision Making
5.4. The Number of Alternatives and Criteria
5.5. Modeling of Uncertainty
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The presentation of a novel IRN SWARA-ARAS model that allows for an objective evaluation of strategies of cleaner production in an uncertain environment;
- (2)
- An improved MCDM methodology has been proposed, which is a powerful management tool for decision making;
- (3)
- The presented methodology enables the evaluation of alternatives despite the uncertainties in the decision-making process and the lack of quantitative information;
- (4)
- The IRN SWARA–ARAS model enables a flexible decision-making process and serves as a useful reference for researchers in the field of cleaner production and other operational areas.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | [3.5, 4] | [1, 1.5] | [2, 2] | [2, 2.5] | [2, 2] |
C2 | [3, 3] | [3, 3.5] | [1, 1] | [1.5, 2] | [1, 1] |
C3 | [6.5, 7] | [3, 3] | [5, 5.5] | [5, 5.5] | [5, 5] |
C4 | [1, 1.5] | [3.5, 4] | [2.5, 3] | [9, 9] | [1.5, 3] |
C5 | [9, 9] | [5, 5.5] | [7, 7.5] | [5, 6] | [8, 8] |
C6 | [2.5, 3] | [6, 6] | [2, 3] | [3, 4] | [3, 4] |
C7 | [4.5, 5] | [8, 8] | [9, 9] | [4, 4.5] | [6, 6] |
C8 | [5, 5] | [7, 8] | [4, 4.5] | [1, 2] | [5, 6] |
Criteria | Matrix IRNC j |
---|---|
C2 | [1.39, 2.46], [1.44, 2.76] |
C1 | [1.67, 2.55], [1.91, 2.98] |
C6 | [2.56, 4.19], [3.4, 4.67] |
C4 | [1.91, 5.58], [2.7, 5.82] |
C8 | [3.08, 5.6], [3.71, 6.46] |
C3 | [4.28, 5.51], [4.34, 5.99] |
C7 | [5, 7.67], [5.36, 7.73] |
C5 | [5.74, 7.82], [6.31, 8.1] |
C2 | [1.00, 1.00], [1.00, 1.00] | [1.00, 1.00], [1.00, 1.00] | [1.00, 1.00], [1.00, 1.00] | [0.26, 0.39], [0.29, 0.43] |
C1 | [0.21, 0.4], [0.24, 0.52] | [1.21, 1.4], [1.24, 1.52] | [0.66, 0.8], [0.71, 0.83] | [0.17, 0.31], [0.21, 0.35] |
C6 | [0.32, 0.66], [0.43, 0.81] | [1.32, 1.66], [1.43, 1.81] | [0.36, 0.56], [0.43, 0.63] | [0.1, 0.22], [0.13, 0.27] |
C4 | [0.24, 0.88], [0.35, 1.01] | [1.24, 1.88], [1.35, 2.01] | [0.18, 0.42], [0.23, 0.51] | [0.05, 0.16], [0.07, 0.22] |
C8 | [0.38, 0.89], [0.47, 1.13] | [1.38, 1.89], [1.47, 2.13] | [0.08, 0.28], [0.12, 0.37] | [0.02, 0.11], [0.04, 0.16] |
C3 | [0.53, 0.87], [0.55, 1.04] | [1.53, 1.87], [1.55, 2.04] | [0.04, 0.18], [0.06, 0.24] | [0.01, 0.07], [0.02, 0.1] |
C7 | [0.62, 1.22], [0.69, 1.35] | [1.62, 2.22], [1.69, 2.35] | [0.02, 0.11], [0.03, 0.15] | [0, 0.04], [0.01, 0.06] |
C5 | [0.71, 1.24], [0.81, 1.41] | [1.71, 2.24], [1.81, 2.41] | [0.01, 0.06], [0.01, 0.09] | [0, 0.02], [0, 0.04] |
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
C1 | (9,9) | (9,9) | (8,8) | (5,6) | (8,8) | (7,7) | (3,4) | (4,4) | (4,5) | (4,5) | (6,7) | (6,6) | (6,7) | (5,6) | (7,7) | (1,2) | (3,3) | (2,3) | (6,7) | (6,6) | (5,6) | (7,7) | (5,5) | (5,5) | (2,3) |
C2 | (8,8) | (8,9) | (5,6) | (3,3) | (8,9) | (4,5) | (6,6) | (2,3) | (2,3) | (5,5) | (5,6) | (5,5) | (2,3) | (1,2) | (6,6) | (7,7) | (6,7) | (6,7) | (5,5) | (4,5) | (6,6) | (6,7) | (3,3) | (3,4) | (4,4) |
C3 | (2,3) | (1,2) | (1,1) | (1,2) | (4,4) | (9,9) | (9,9) | (6,7) | (2,3) | (6,6) | (1,1) | (1,2) | (3,3) | (2,3) | (4,5) | (7,7) | (6,7) | (6,6) | (5,5) | (2,3) | (4,5) | (1,2) | (3,4) | (2,3) | (4,5) |
C4 | (3,4) | (1,1) | (5,6) | (5,6) | (6,7) | (1,1) | (1,2) | (2,3) | (7,7) | (5,6) | (3,4) | (4,4) | (6,7) | (6,7) | (5,5) | (7,7) | (6,6) | (6,7) | (9,9) | (9,9) | (4,5) | (4,5) | (4,4) | (8,8) | (4,4) |
C5 | (3,3) | (3,3) | (3,3) | (3,3) | (3,4) | (1,2) | (4,5) | (2,3) | (3,3) | (2,3) | (9,9) | (9,9) | (7,8) | (2,3) | (5,6) | (7,8) | (7,7) | (6,6) | (4,5) | (1,2) | (8,8) | (9,9) | (5,6) | (4,5) | (3,4) |
C6 | (1,2) | (1,2) | (3,4) | (5,5) | (7,7) | (5,6) | (2,3) | (4,5) | (5,6) | (5,5) | (9,9) | (7,7) | (6,7) | (6,7) | (3,4) | (6,7) | (6,6) | (7,8) | (2,3) | (1,2) | (7,8) | (3,4) | (3,4) | (6,7) | (3,3) |
C7 | (2,3) | (4,5) | (3,3) | (3,4) | (3,4) | (5,5) | (1,2) | (1,2) | (2,3) | (2,3) | (8,8) | (9,9) | (7,7) | (2,3) | (3,4) | (7,7) | (6,7) | (5,6) | (2,3) | (5,5) | (8,9) | (8,8) | (7,7) | (4,4) | (3,4) |
C8 | (5,5) | (3,4) | (6,7) | (9,9) | (6,7) | (3,3) | (1,2) | (4,5) | (9,9) | (5,6) | (6,7) | (9,9) | (8,8) | (8,8) | (4,5) | (7,8) | (7,7) | (6,6) | (6,7) | (8,8) | (9,9) | (9,9) | (8,8) | (9,9) | (6,7) |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | [6.92, 8.56] [7.33, 8.60] | [5.24, 7.53] [5.43, 8.33] | [1.21, 2.48] [1.75, 3.08] | [2.8, 5.08] [3.36, 6.04] | [2.36, 2.84] [2.36, 3.25] | [1.91, 4.96] [2.78, 5.27] | [2.65, 3.35] [3.36, 4.25] | [4.56, 7.06] [5.28, 7.55] |
S2 | [3.73, 5.13] [4.4, 5.67] | [2.56, 4.99] [3.68, 5.09] | [4.83, 7.88] [5.29, 8.18] | [1.76, 4.81] [2.26, 5.43] | [1.75, 3.08] [2.69, 3.74] | [3.52, 4.79] [4.33, 5.6] | [1.44, 3.08] [2.4, 3.67] | [2.66, 6.33] [3.37, 6.78] |
S3 | [5.65, 6.35] [6.36, 6.84] | [5.5, 6.5] [3.33, 5.41] | [1.46, 2.98] [1.96, 3.68] | [4.02, 5.54] [4.63, 6.23] | [4.59, 8.05] [5.43, 8.33] | [4.94, 7.44] [5.91, 7.66] | [3.86, 7.61] [4.57, 7.74] | [5.8, 8.08] [6.57, 8.5] |
S4 | [5.36, 7.48] [5.96, 7.68] | [2.92, 4.56] [3.52, 4.79] | [1.79, 3.92] [2.18, 4.26] | [6.33, 8.41] [6.77, 8.37] | [1.91, 3.32] [2.63, 4.23] | [2.29, 4.87] [3.29, 5.87] | [2.92, 4.25] [3.94, 4.83] | [5.08, 7.24] [5.57, 7.5] |
S5 | [3.91, 5.66] [4.32, 6.04] | [3.63, 5.23] [3.88, 5.76] | [2.02, 3.54] [3.02, 4.54] | [4.16, 5.44] [4.44, 6.08] | [4.26, 7.43] [5.13, 7.71] | [3.43, 5.34] [4.01, 6.44] | [4.63, 7.28] [5.03, 7.66] | [7.52, 8.79] [7.94, 8.83] |
So | [6.92, 8.56] [7.33, 8.60] | [5.5, 7.53] [5.43, 8.33] | [4.83, 7.88] [5.29, 8.18] | [6.33, 8.41] [6.77, 8.37] | [4.59, 8.05] [5.43, 8.33] | [4.94, 7.44] [5.91, 7.66] | [4.63, 7.61] [5.03, 7.74] | [7.52, 8.79] [7.94, 8.83] |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | [0.16, 0.24] [0.18, 0.26] | [0.14, 0.3] [0.15, 0.33] | [0.04, 0.13] [0.06, 0.19] | [0.07, 0.18] [0.09, 0.24] | [0.07, 0.12] [0.07, 0.17] | [0.05, 0.19] [0.08, 0.25] | [0.07, 0.14] [0.1, 0.21] | [0.1, 0.19] [0.11, 0.23] |
S2 | [0.09, 0.14] [0.11, 0.17] | [0.07, 0.2] [0.1, 0.2] | [0.15, 0.4] [0.18, 0.51] | [0.04, 0.17] [0.06, 0.21] | [0.05, 0.13] [0.08, 0.19] | [0.09, 0.18] [0.12, 0.27] | [0.04, 0.13] [0.07, 0.18] | [0.06, 0.17] [0.07, 0.2] |
S3 | [0.13, 0.18] [0.15, 0.21] | [0.15, 0.26] [0.09, 0.21] | [0.05, 0.15] [0.07, 0.23] | [0.1, 0.2] [0.12, 0.25] | [0.13, 0.34] [0.17, 0.43] | [0.13, 0.28] [0.17, 0.36] | [0.11, 0.31] [0.14, 0.38] | [0.12, 0.22] [0.14, 0.26] |
S4 | [0.12, 0.21] [0.14, 0.24] | [0.08, 0.18] [0.1, 0.19] | [0.06, 0.2] [0.08, 0.26] | [0.16, 0.3] [0.18, 0.33] | [0.05, 0.14] [0.08, 0.22] | [0.06, 0.19] [0.09, 0.28] | [0.08, 0.17] [0.12, 0.24] | [0.11, 0.2] [0.12, 0.23] |
S5 | [0.09, 0.16] [0.1, 0.19] | [0.1, 0.21] [0.11, 0.23] | [0.06, 0.18] [0.11, 0.28] | [0.1, 0.19] [0.12, 0.24] | [0.12, 0.31] [0.16, 0.4] | [0.09, 0.2] [0.12, 0.31] | [0.13, 0.3] [0.15, 0.38] | [0.16, 0.24] [0.17, 0.27] |
So | [0.16, 0.24] [0.18, 0.26] | [0.15, 0.30] [0.15, 0.33] | [0.15, 0.40] [0.18, 0.51] | [0.16, 0.3] [0.18, 0.33] | [0.16, 0.3] [0.18, 0.33] | [0.13, 0.28] [0.17, 0.36] | [0.13, 0.31] [0.15, 0.38] | [0.16, 0.24] [0.17, 0.27] |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | [0.03, 0.07] [0.04, 0.09] | [0.04, 0.11] [0.04, 0.14] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.03] [0.01, 0.05] | [0, 0] [0, 0.01] | [0, 0.04] [0.01, 0.07] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.01] | [0, 0.02] [0, 0.04] |
S2 | [0.01, 0.04] [0.02, 0.06] | [0.02, 0.08] [0.03, 0.09] | [0, 0.03] [0, 0.05] | [0, 0.03] [0, 0.05] | [0, 0] [0, 0.01] | [0.01, 0.04] [0.02, 0.07] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.01] | [0, 0.02] [0, 0.03] |
S3 | [0.02, 0.06] [0.03, 0.07] | [0.04, 0.1] [0.03, 0.09] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.03] [0.01, 0.05] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0.01, 0.06] [0.02, 0.1] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.02] [0.01, 0.04] |
S4 | [0.02, 0.06] [0.03, 0.08] | [0.02, 0.07] [0.03, 0.08] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.03] | [0.01, 0.05] [0.01, 0.07] | [0, 0] [0, 0.01] | [0.01, 0.04] [0.01, 0.07] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.02] [0, 0.04] |
S5 | [0.02, 0.05] [0.02, 0.07] | [0.03, 0.08] [0.03, 0.1] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.03] | [0, 0.03] [0.01, 0.05] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.01] | [0.01, 0.04] [0.01, 0.08] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.03] [0.01, 0.04] |
So | [0.03, 0.07] [0.04, 0.09] | [0.04, 0.11] [0.04, 0.14] | [0, 0.03] [0, 0.05] | [0.01, 0.05] [0.01, 0.07] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0.01, 0.06] [0.02, 0.1] | [0, 0.01] [0, 0.02] | [0, 0.03] [0.01, 0.04] |
Rank | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | [0.07, 0.3], [0.1, 0.43] | [0.14, 2.38], [0.28, 4.67] | 1 | |
S2 | [0.05, 0.24], [0.08, 0.37] | [0.09, 1.94], [0.21, 4.03] | 5 | |
S3 | [0.08, 0.3], [0.1, 0.42] | [0.15, 2.42], [0.26, 4.6] | 2 | |
S4 | [0.06, 0.27], [0.09, 0.4] | [0.11, 2.15], [0.24, 4.34] | 4 | |
S5 | [0.06, 0.26], [0.09, 0.41] | [0.11, 2.1], [0.23, 4.44] | 3 | |
So | [0.09, 0.37], [0.13, 0.54] |
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Tanackov, I.; Badi, I.; Stević, Ž.; Pamučar, D.; Zavadskas, E.K.; Bausys, R. A Novel Hybrid Interval Rough SWARA–Interval Rough ARAS Model for Evaluation Strategies of Cleaner Production. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074343
Tanackov I, Badi I, Stević Ž, Pamučar D, Zavadskas EK, Bausys R. A Novel Hybrid Interval Rough SWARA–Interval Rough ARAS Model for Evaluation Strategies of Cleaner Production. Sustainability. 2022; 14(7):4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074343
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanackov, Ilija, Ibrahim Badi, Željko Stević, Dragan Pamučar, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, and Romualdas Bausys. 2022. "A Novel Hybrid Interval Rough SWARA–Interval Rough ARAS Model for Evaluation Strategies of Cleaner Production" Sustainability 14, no. 7: 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074343