Study on the Identification and Classification of Key Influencing Factors of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas in Liaoning Province Based on Self-organizing Clustering and Sensitivity Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area Overview
3. Methods and Data
3.1. Self-Organizing Mapping Clustering Method
3.2. Nonlinear Global Sensitivity Analysis
3.3. Data Source
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Analysis of Physical and Geographical Characteristics of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas
4.1.1. Influence of Terrain on Debris Flows
4.1.2. Effect of Soil on Debris Flow
4.1.3. The Effect of Vegetation on Debris Flows
4.2. Cluster Analysis of Physiographic Features in Debris-Flow-Prone Areas
4.3. Analysis of Key Physiographic Factors in Debris-Flow-Prone Areas
4.4. Distribution of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas and Prevention and Control Measures
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Limitation
5.3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | First Species | Second Species | Third Species |
---|---|---|---|
Debris flow event | T6, T10, T41, T42, T52…… | T1, T2, T20, T36, T37…… | T0, T3, T4, T5, T7…… |
Number | 209 | 114 | 215 |
Clay | 12–29% | 12–16% | 10–19% |
Sand | 32–54% | 60–70% | 33–66% |
Silt | 16–38% | 18–32% | 22–38% |
Slope | <40.84° | 10°–45° | <30° |
Altitude | 0 m–977 m | 200 m–666 m | 0 m–558 m |
Land use | Cropland, Forest, Grassland, Water, Impervious | Cropland, Forest, Grassland, Impervious | Cropland, Forest, Grassland, Water, Impervious |
Landforms | Plain, Platform, Hill, Small undulating mountain, Medium undulating mountain | Plain, Platform, Hill, Small undulating mountain, Medium undulating mountain | Plain, Platform, Hill, Small undulating mountain, Medium undulating mountain |
NDVI | 0.30–0.59 | 0.36–0.59 | 0.28–0.62 |
Vegetation | Coniferous forest, Broad-leaved forest, Coniferous Broad-leaved mixed forest, Thicket, Meadow, Cultivated plants | Coniferous forest, Broad-leaved forest, Coniferous Broad-leaved mixed forest, Thicket, Meadow, Cultivated plants | Coniferous forest, Broad-leaved forest, Coniferous Broad-leaved mixed forest, Thicket, Meadow, Cultivated plants |
Slope direction | 0–360° | 0–360° | 0–360° |
Soiltypes | Neutral coarse skeletal soil, Meadow soil, Brown loamy soil, Rice soil | Neutral coarse skeletal soil, Meadow soil, Brown Soil, Tidal brown soil, Brown loamy soil, Dark brown soil, Cinnamon soil | Coarse bony soil, Neutral coarse skeletal soil, Meadow soil, Brown Soil, Tidal brown soil, Brown loamy soil, Cinnamon soil, Lakes and Reservoirs |
Category | First Species | Second Species | Third Species |
---|---|---|---|
Clay | 0.986 | 0.992 | 0.792 |
Sand | 0.726 | 0.891 | 0.981 |
Silt | 0.831 | 0.811 | 0.625 |
Slope | 0.768 | 0.644 | 0.647 |
Altitude | 0.707 | 0.681 | 0.636 |
Land use | 0.668 | 0.746 | 0.778 |
Landforms | 0.666 | 0.703 | 0.706 |
NDVI | 0.622 | 0.686 | 0.616 |
Vegetation | 0.434 | 0.592 | 0.527 |
Slope direction | 0.290 | 0.578 | 0.32 |
Soil types | 0.502 | 0.494 | 0.406 |
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Wang, F.; Cao, Y.; Fan, S.; Zhang, R. Study on the Identification and Classification of Key Influencing Factors of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas in Liaoning Province Based on Self-organizing Clustering and Sensitivity Analysis. Sustainability 2023, 15, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010412
Wang F, Cao Y, Fan S, Zhang R. Study on the Identification and Classification of Key Influencing Factors of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas in Liaoning Province Based on Self-organizing Clustering and Sensitivity Analysis. Sustainability. 2023; 15(1):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010412
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Fei, Yongqiang Cao, Shuaibang Fan, and Ruoning Zhang. 2023. "Study on the Identification and Classification of Key Influencing Factors of Debris-Flow-Prone Areas in Liaoning Province Based on Self-organizing Clustering and Sensitivity Analysis" Sustainability 15, no. 1: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010412