Comparative Study of Effective Pretreatments on the Structural Disruption and Hydrodepolymerization of Rice Straw
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Pretreatment of Rice Straw
2.2.1. Hydrothermal Pretreatment
2.2.2. Microwave Pretreatment
2.2.3. Cryocrushing Pretreatment
2.2.4. Hydrodepolymerization of Pretreated RS Residues
2.2.5. Analysis and Characterization of RS Hydrolyzates
2.2.6. Characterization of the Straw Residue
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on RS
3.2. Effects of Microwave Pretreatment on RS
3.2.1. Effects of Microwave Power on Microwave Pretreatment of RS
3.2.2. Effects of Time on Microwave Pretreatment of RS
3.3. Effects of Cryocrushing Pretreatment on RS
3.4. Comparison of RS and Pretreated RS Residues and Solutions Parameters
3.5. Characterization and Comparison of RS and Pretreated RS Residues
3.5.1. SEM-EDS Results
3.5.2. FTIR Results
3.5.3. XRD Results
3.5.4. N2 Physical Adsorption–Desorption Results
3.6. Effects on Hydrodepolymerization of RS Residues after Various Pretreatments
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pretreat Condition (°C, min) | logR0 | RS Recovery (%) | Cellulose Recovery (%) | Hemicellulose Recovery (%) | Lignin Removal (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignin (%) | Reduction Sugar Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RS | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | 37.8 ± 0.3 | 20.5 ± 0.3 | 19.0 ± 0.2 | _ |
100, 5 | 0.7 | 87.2 | 90.9 | 86.8 | 9.6 | 39.4 ± 0.3 | 20.4 ± 0.7 | 19.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 |
100, 10 | 1.0 | 86.9 | 89.0 | 83.9 | 11.7 | 38.7 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.5 | 19.3 ± 0.3 | 0.8 |
100, 30 | 1.5 | 86.2 | 88.3 | 79.9 | 13.8 | 38.7 ± 0.2 | 19.0 ± 0.4 | 19.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 |
120, 5 | 2.6 | 86.0 | 88.0 | 79.3 | 14.4 | 38.7 ± 0.3 | 18.9 ± 0.5 | 18.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 |
120, 10 | 2.9 | 85.5 | 87.8 | 78.8 | 15.9 | 38.8 ± 0.5 | 18.9 ± 0.2 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 1.0 |
120, 30 | 3.4 | 84.9 | 87.6 | 78.7 | 19.1 | 39.0 ± 0.6 | 19.0 ± 0.5 | 18.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 |
140, 5 | 4.5 | 84.7 | 86.5 | 74.0 | 23.8 | 38.6 ± 0.9 | 17.9 ± 0.7 | 17.1 ± 0.1 | 1.8 |
140, 10 | 4.8 | 84.0 | 87.6 | 69.2 | 25.3 | 39.4 ± 1.0 | 16.9 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 0.8 | 2.0 |
140, 30 | 5.3 | 81.8 | 85.5 | 69.8 | 25.9 | 39.5 ± 0.2 | 17.5 ± 0.3 | 17.2 ± 0.4 | 1.8 |
160, 5 | 6.4 | 80.0 | 87.4 | 63.6 | 27.2 | 41.3 ± 1.0 | 16.3 ± 0.8 | 17.3 ± 0.5 | 5.1 |
160, 10 | 6.7 | 78.2 | 86.1 | 61.4 | 25.5 | 41.6 ± 0.8 | 16.1 ± 0.7 | 18.1 ± 0.2 | 5.6 |
160, 30 | 7.0 | 73.5 | 84.6 | 58.1 | 26.1 | 43.5 ± 0.5 | 16.2 ± 0.4 | 19.1 ± 0.8 | 5.2 |
180, 5 | 8.3 | 62.2 | 79.5 | 22.5 | 36.2 | 48.3 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 19.5 ± 1.0 | 8.4 |
180, 10 | 8.6 | 59.0 | 74.6 | 14.1 | 41.3 | 47.8 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.0 | 18.9 ± 0.7 | 14.9 |
180, 30 | 9.0 | 58.7 | 75.9 | 9.5 | 40.1 | 48.9 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.0 | 19.4 ± 0.5 | 8.8 |
200, 5 | 10.1 | 58.3 | 75.6 | 9.1 | 50.0 | 49.0 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 16.3 ± 0.3 | 9.0 |
200, 10 | 10.4 | 54.8 | 71.5 | 4.8 | 53.3 | 49.3 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.0 | 16.2 ± 0.4 | 14.6 |
200, 30 | 10.9 | 54.1 | 72.6 | 4.0 | 54.2 ± | 50.7 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 16.1 ± 0.6 | 5.8 |
Power (W) | RS Recovery (%) | Cellulose Recovery (%) | Hemicellulose Recovery (%) | Lignin Removal (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignin (%) | Reduction Sugar Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
65 | 88.1 | 83.4 | 78.2 | 15.1 | 35.8 ± 0.8 | 18.2 ± 0.0 | 18.3 ± 0.2 | 1.0 |
195 | 87.9 | 83.0 | 73.8 | 19.1 | 35.7 ± 0.4 | 17.2 ± 0.3 | 17.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 |
325 | 87.8 | 82.5 | 72.4 | 19.6 | 35.5 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 0.1 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 1.2 |
455 | 87.7 | 82.8 | 71.4 | 20.6 | 35.7 ± 0.5 | 16.7 ± 0.1 | 17.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 |
585 | 87.6 | 81.8 | 71.4 | 22.2 | 35.3 ± 0.5 | 16.7 ± 0.0 | 16.9 ± 0.4 | 1.4 |
650 | 87.6 | 81.1 | 70.5 | 22.5 | 35.0 ± 0.8 | 16.5 ± 0.1 | 16.8 ± 0.9 | 1.9 |
Time (min) | RS Recovery (%) | Cellulose Recovery (%) | Hemicellulose Recovery (%) | Lignin Removal (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignin (%) | Reduction Sugar Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 88.9 | 84.2 | 80.2 | 16.2 | 35.8 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.1 | 17.9 ± 0.3 | 0.4 |
10 | 88.7 | 83.8 | 78.7 | 15.0 | 35.7 ± 0.5 | 18.2 ± 0.5 | 18.2 ± 0.6 | 0.6 |
15 | 88.3 | 82.9 | 77.1 | 17.7 | 35.5 ± 0.9 | 17.9 ± 0.4 | 17.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 |
20 | 87.9 | 82.8 | 76.3 | 17.2 | 35.6 ± 0.4 | 17.8 ± 0.1 | 17.9 ± 0.9 | 1.5 |
25 | 87.8 | 82.2 | 75.0 | 22.4 | 35.4 ± 0.6 | 17.5 ± 0.1 | 16.8 ± 0.3 | 1.7 |
30 | 87.6 | 81.1 | 74.5 | 22.5 | 35.0 ± 1.0 | 17.4 ± 0.0 | 16.8 ± 0.3 | 1.9 |
Soaking Time (h) | RS Recovery (%) | Cellulose Recovery (%) | Hemicellulose Recovery (%) | Lignin Removal (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignin (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 92.9 | 90.4 | 88.8 | 9.1 | 36.8 ± 0.3 | 19.6 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 1.0 |
0.16 | 91.8 | 91.8 | 87.3 | 9.6 | 37.8 ± 0.8 | 19.5 ± 0.7 | 18.7 ± 0.9 |
0.5 | 90.3 | 92.5 | 87.2 | 12.0 | 38.7 ± 0.0 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 18.3 ± 0.4 |
1 | 89.9 | 91.3 | 85.1 | 12.3 | 38.4 ± 0.6 | 19.4 ± 0.5 | 18.2 ± 0.8 |
5 | 89.6 | 89.8 | 84.4 | 12.9 | 37.9 ± 0.2 | 19.3 ± 0.8 | 18.2 ± 0.4 |
10 | 89.5 | 89.0 | 84.3 | 13.3 | 37.6 ± 0.9 | 19.3 ± 0.7 | 18.4 ± 0.3 |
20 | 89.4 | 89.2 | 83.7 | 14.8 | 37.7 ± 0.2 | 19.2 ± 0.4 | 18.1 ± 0.9 |
a | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | RS Recovery (%) | Cellulose Recovery (%) | Hemicellulose Recovery (%) | Lignin Removal (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignin (%) |
RS | - | - | - | - | 37.8 | 20.5 | 19.0 |
HP | 59.0 | 74.6 | 14.1 | 41.3 | 47.8 | 4.9 | 18.9 |
MP | 87.6 | 81.1 | 74.5 | 22.5 | 35.0 | 16.5 | 16.8 |
CP | 92.9 | 90.4 | 88.8 | 9.1 | 36.8 | 19.6 | 18.6 |
b | |||||||
Liquid Samples | pH | Conductivity (µs/cm) | TDS (mg/L) | Salinity (%) | Reduction Sugar Yield (%) | ||
HP | 3.9 | 2250.0 | 1126.0 | 0.1 | 14.9 | ||
MP | 6.4 | 613.0 | 305.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | ||
CP | - | - | - | - | - |
Samples | C (%) | O (%) | Si (%) | Cl (%) | K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RS | 72.2 | 24.4 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
HP | 59.7 | 38.5 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
MP | 59.6 | 35.9 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
CP | 58.7 | 39.6 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
Samples | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Aperture (nm) |
---|---|---|
RS | 2.5 | 13.0 |
HP | 9.3 | 15.8 |
MP | 6.3 | 23.1 |
CP | 3.0 | 28.8 |
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Yang, X.; Li, X.; Liang, J.; Zhu, J. Comparative Study of Effective Pretreatments on the Structural Disruption and Hydrodepolymerization of Rice Straw. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064728
Yang X, Li X, Liang J, Zhu J. Comparative Study of Effective Pretreatments on the Structural Disruption and Hydrodepolymerization of Rice Straw. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):4728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064728
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaorui, Xiaotong Li, Jinhua Liang, and Jianliang Zhu. 2023. "Comparative Study of Effective Pretreatments on the Structural Disruption and Hydrodepolymerization of Rice Straw" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 4728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064728