The Effect of Eco-Preneurship and Green Technology Management on Greenhouse Gas Discharge: An Analysis on East Asian Economies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
- The development and utilization of energy should be changed to that of alternative green energy as much as possible.
- Minimal use of input materials and increased use of recycled resources for green logistics management, in addition to a green manufacturing process.
- Simple packaging for products.
- Recycling of all kinds of industrial waste as completely as possible by green logistics management, and a green manufacturing process.
- Post-consumer collection and recycling operations to reduce the amount of household waste disposed of in landfills and incinerators. Figure 1 illustrates the circular economy.
3. Methodology
3.1. Models and Methods
3.2. Data and Sources
4. Results and Discussions
5. Conclusions, Further Recommendation, and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Symbol | Descriptions | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Greenhouse gas discharges | GH | CO2 discharges (kt) | World Bank |
Eco-preneurship | EP | Nuclear, renewables, and other energy sources (quad Btu) | EIA |
Green technology | GrT | Development of environment-related technologies, % all technologies | OECD |
Short Run | Hypotheses (H0: Null Hypothesis) (H1: Alternative Hypothesis) | Eco-Preneurship | Green Technology | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Linear Estimates | H0 | Short-term linear estimates of eco-preneurship are insignificant | Short-term linear estimates of green technology are insignificant | |
H1 | Short-term linear estimates of eco-preneurship are significant | Short-term linear estimates of green technology are significant | ||
Non-linear Estimates | H0 | Short-term non-linear estimates of eco-preneurship are insignificant | Short-term non-linear estimates of green technology are insignificant | |
H1 | Eco-preneurship has strong short-term non-linear estimations. | Green technology forecasts over the short run are considerable | ||
Long run | ||||
Linear Estimates | H0 | Long-term eco-preneurship linear estimates are negligible. | Long-term linear estimates of green technology are insignificant | |
H1 | Long-term linear estimates of eco-preneurship are significant | Green technology’s long-term linear estimates are noteworthy. | ||
Non-linear Estimates | H0 | The predicted positive shock coefficients in the non-linear model are insignificant. | The non-linear model predicts negligible positive shock coefficients. | |
H1 | The predicted positive shock coefficients in the non-linear model are significant. | The non-linear model makes substantial predictions for positive shock coefficients. | ||
H0 | The predicted negative shock coefficients in the non-linear model are insignificant. | The predicted negative shock coefficients in the non-linear model are insignificant. | ||
H1 | The non-linear model makes substantial predictions about negative shock coefficients. | The predicted negative shock coefficients in the non-linear model are significant. |
Unit Root without Break | Unit Root with Break | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I(0) | I(1) | I(0) | Break Date | I(1) | Break Date | |||
Japan | ||||||||
GH | −2.779 | I(0) | −4.362 | 2001 | I(0) | |||
EP | −1.278 | −3.568 | I(1) | −6.534 | 2011 | I(0) | ||
GrT | −0.863 | −5.421 | I(1) | 2008 | −7.235 | 2016 | I(1) | |
China | ||||||||
GH | −1.321 | −2.783 | I(1) | −6.345 | 2002 | |||
EP | 0.879 | −2.427 | I(1) | 2.583 | 2013 | −4.235 | 2011 | I(1) |
GrT | −2.438 | −6.863 | I(1) | −2.734 | 2010 | −8.468 | 2001 | I(1) |
Variables | Japan Coefficient | t-Stat | China Coefficient | t-Stat |
---|---|---|---|---|
Short run | ||||
D(EP) | 0.016 | 1.607 | −0.033 | 2.081 |
D(EP(−1)) | ||||
D(GrT) | −0.011 | 1.613 | −0.034 | 2.778 |
D(GrT(−1)) | −0.047 | 1.511 | ||
Long run | ||||
EP | −0.008 | 1.755 | −0.025 | 1.988 |
GrT | −0.015 | 4.167 | −0.135 | 1.961 |
C | 13.87 | 8.489 | 4.468 | 0.978 |
Diagnostics | ||||
F-test | 8.322 | 6.653 | ||
ECM(−1) | −0.383 | 9.001 | −0.245 | 3.538 |
LM | 1.327 | 1.322 | ||
RESET | 0.887 | 1.034 | ||
CUSUM | S | S | ||
CUSUM-sq | S | S |
Variables | Japan Coefficient | t-Stat | China Coefficient | t-Stat |
---|---|---|---|---|
Short run | ||||
D(EP_POS) | −0.077 | 1.806 | −0.015 | 1.868 |
D(EP_POS(−1)) | ||||
D(EP_NEG) | −0.033 | 0.978 | −0.026 | 1.023 |
D(EP_NEG(−1)) | −0.022 | 1.957 | ||
D(GrT_POS) | −0.048 | 4.481 | −0.007 | 0.665 |
D(GrT_POS_(−1)) | −0.058 | 6.457 | ||
D(GrT_NEG) | −0.014 | 1.604 | 0.01 | 0.914 |
D(GrT_NEG(−1)) | ||||
Long run | ||||
EP_POS | −0.03 | 2.358 | −0.054 | 2.502 |
EP_NEG | −0.018 | 1.594 | −0.122 | 1.232 |
GrT_POS | −0.012 | 1.689 | −0.020 | 1.678 |
GrT_NEG | −0.008 | 1.851 | 0.04 | 0.727 |
C | 14.23 | 14.7 | 8.937 | 1.612 |
Diagnostics | ||||
F-test | 7.355 | 4.124 | ||
ECM(−1) | −0.398 | 5.146 | −0.27 | 2.37 |
LM | 1.335 | 0.764 | ||
RESET | 0.967 | 1.021 | ||
CUSUM | S | S | ||
CUSUM-sq | S | S | ||
Wald-Short-EP | 0.386 | 3.014 | ||
Wald-Long-EP | 3.244 | 3.987 | ||
Wald-Short-GrT | 1.099 | 1.022 | ||
Wald-Long-GrT | 3.885 | 4.326 |
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Sahabuddin, M.; Hossain, M.B.; Khokhar, M.; Sharaf, M.; Ejaz, S.; Ejaz, F.; Illés, C.B. The Effect of Eco-Preneurship and Green Technology Management on Greenhouse Gas Discharge: An Analysis on East Asian Economies. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086747
Sahabuddin M, Hossain MB, Khokhar M, Sharaf M, Ejaz S, Ejaz F, Illés CB. The Effect of Eco-Preneurship and Green Technology Management on Greenhouse Gas Discharge: An Analysis on East Asian Economies. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086747
Chicago/Turabian StyleSahabuddin, Md, Md Billal Hossain, Maryam Khokhar, Mohamed Sharaf, Sarmad Ejaz, Faisal Ejaz, and Csaba Bálint Illés. 2023. "The Effect of Eco-Preneurship and Green Technology Management on Greenhouse Gas Discharge: An Analysis on East Asian Economies" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086747