Effective Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst with Ultralow Pd Loading on Ni-N-Doped Graphene from Upcycled Water Bottle Waste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of the Electrocatalysts
2.2. Characterization of the Electrocatalysts
2.3. Electrochemical Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | Metal Loading in the Electrocatalysts/wt.% | |
---|---|---|
Pd | Ni | |
Ni@NG | - | 92.28 ± 0.14 |
PdNi_5@NG | 0.09 ± 0.005 | 56.94 ± 0.23 |
PdNi_10@NG | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 53.32 ± 0.21 |
PdNi_15@NG | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 58.06 ± 0.26 |
Catalyst | SBET/m2 g−1 | Total Pore Volume/cm3 g−1 | Average Pore Diameter/nm |
---|---|---|---|
Ni@NG | 97 | 0.06 | 2.6 |
PdNi_5@NG | 71 | 0.08 | 4.3 |
PdNi_10@NG | 40 | 0.09 | 9.0 |
PdNi_15@NG | 6 | 0.3 | 21.5 |
Catalyst | Eonset/V vs. RHE | E1/2/V vs. RHE | jd/ mA cm−2 | n | Tafel Slope/V dec−1 | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni@NG | 0.69 | 0.60 | −1.16 | 2.3–2.5 | 0.100 | This work |
PdNi_5@NG | 0.71 | 0.63 | −0.71 | 1.9–2 | 0.135 | This work |
PdNi_10@NG | 0.73 | 0.61 | −1.41 | 2.1 | 0.108 | This work |
PdNi_15@NG | 0.80 | 0.67 | −1.53 | 3.2–3.6 | 0.157 | This work |
PdNi-450 | 0.95 | 0.87 | −0.42 | 4.2–4.3 | – | [47] |
PdNi-NS/C | 0.99 | 0.93 | −0.21 | 3.7 | 0.080 | [48] |
PdNiCu/NG | 0.87 | 0.76 | 1.79 | 4 | – | [49] |
PdNi EN/CB | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.19 | 4 | – | [50] |
Temperature/°C | E at Peak Power Density/V | j at Peak Power Density/mA cm−2 | Peak Power Density/ mW cm−2 | Specific Peak Power Density /kW gPd−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 0.50 | 14 | 7.1 | 3.46 |
35 | 0.45 | 18 | 7.9 | 3.85 |
45 | 0.45 | 20 | 8.8 | 4.29 |
55 | 0.50 | 19 | 9.5 | 4.63 |
Anode (mgPd cm−2) | Cathode (mg cm−2) | Anolyte | Catholyte | P/kW gPd−1 | T/°C | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PdNi_15@NG (0.002) | PdNi_15@NG | 1 M NaBH4 + 2 M NaOH | O2 + 1 M NaOH | 3.46 | 25 | This work |
Pd50Cu50/C (0.313) | Pt/C (0.5) | 1 M NaBH4 + 6 M NaOH | O2 flowrate: 200 mL min−1 | 0.313 | 60 | [12] |
Pd/C (1.08) | Pt/C (0.3) | 1 M NaBH4 + 20 wt.%NaOH | Air flowrate: 30 mL min−1 | 0.018 | 25 | [51] |
Au-Pd/C(1:1) (1.75) | Pt/C (4) | 2 M NaBH4 + 2 M NaOH | O2 flowrate: 200 mL min−1 | 0.027 | 60 | [52] |
53 wt.% Pd/C (0.31) | 50 wt.% Pt/C (0.31) | 0.1 M NaBH4 + 1 M NaOH | 0.4 M H2O2 + 1 M H2SO4 | 0.887 | 25 | [53] |
Pd/C (3) | Pt/C (3) | 1.5 M NaBH4 + 3 M KOH | 15 wt.% H2O2 + 1.5 M H2SO4 | 0.203 | 25 | [54] |
NiF@AEI + Pd/C (0.5) | Pt/C (1) | 1.5 M NaBH4 + 3 M NaOH | 15 wt.% H2O2 + 1.5 M H2SO4 | 0.898 | 80 | [55] |
Pd/C (3) + Ni | Pt/C (3) | 1.5 M NaBH4 + 3 M KOH | 15 wt.% H2O2 + 1.5 M H2SO4 | 0.297 | 70 | [56] |
Pd@N/C-8 foam (0.15) | Pd@N/C-8 foam (0.15) | 0.3 M NaBH4 + 2 M NaOH | 1.6 M H2O2 + 2 M H2SO4 | 0.913 | 60 | [57] |
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Balčiūnaitė, A.; Elessawy, N.A.; Šljukić, B.; Toghan, A.; Al-Hussain, S.A.; Gouda, M.H.; Youssef, M.E.; Santos, D.M.F. Effective Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst with Ultralow Pd Loading on Ni-N-Doped Graphene from Upcycled Water Bottle Waste. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7469. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177469
Balčiūnaitė A, Elessawy NA, Šljukić B, Toghan A, Al-Hussain SA, Gouda MH, Youssef ME, Santos DMF. Effective Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst with Ultralow Pd Loading on Ni-N-Doped Graphene from Upcycled Water Bottle Waste. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7469. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177469
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalčiūnaitė, Aldona, Noha A. Elessawy, Biljana Šljukić, Arafat Toghan, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Marwa H. Gouda, M. Elsayed Youssef, and Diogo M. F. Santos. 2024. "Effective Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst with Ultralow Pd Loading on Ni-N-Doped Graphene from Upcycled Water Bottle Waste" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7469. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177469