A Dispatch Strategy for the Analysis of the Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Providing people in the region with access to continuous and uninterrupted electrical energy improves their quality of life.
- Rural communities’ access to uninterrupted energy reduces labor loss by expanding the use of electrical equipment in agriculture and animal husbandry. This supports economic activities.
- Uninterrupted electricity contributes to society’s social development. It increases welfare levels by facilitating communication and education services.
- Because they use local resources, HRESs contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas, which reduces the development gap between urban and rural areas.
- To increase energy security by designing an MG using RESs and to contribute to the sustainability of energy demands as a result of system optimization;
- To contribute to the prevention of environmental pollution by reducing greenhouse gas emissions;
- To reduce capital, operation/maintenance/repair, and conversion costs and to make a cost-effective energy production with the energy management strategy created in MATLAB environment;
- To ensure the uninterrupted energy security of the MG, which is created independently from the grid, by using the biogas potential of the community to both realize uninterrupted energy production and prevent environmental pollution by disposing of animal waste.
Literature
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. System Modeling
2.1.1. Load Profile
2.1.2. Meteorologic Data of the Region
2.1.3. Biomass Resources
2.2. Mathematical Modeling of System Components
2.2.1. System Limitations
2.2.2. Mathematical Model of PV System
2.2.3. Wind Turbine
2.2.4. Biogas Generator
2.3. Economic Modeling
2.4. Dispatch Strategy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrical Analysis
3.2. Economic Analysis
3.3. Environmental Analysis
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HRES | Grid | Storage | Software | Performance Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|
PV/WT [25] | On-grid | - | HOMER | NPC, LCOE |
PV/WT/FC [26] | Off-grid | BSS/HT | HOMER | NPC, LCOE, Capacity, |
PV/BGG [27] | On-grid | BSS | HOMER | NPC, LCOE |
PV/FC [28] | On-grid | BSS | PSOAIW-PSOCF | NPC, LCOE |
PV/WT/BGG [29] | Off-grid | BSS | HOMER | NPC, LCOE |
PV/WT/FC [30] | Off-grid | BSS/HT | - | LCOE |
PV/Hydrokinetic/FC [31] | Off-grid | BSS/HT | HOMER | NPC, LCOE, Capacity, Shortage |
PV/FC [32] | Off-grid | HT/Super Capacitors | HOMER | NPC, LCOE |
PV/WT [33] | On-grid Off-grid | BSS | HOMER | NPC, LCOE |
BGG [34] | Off-grid | HT | HOMER | Hydrogen (H2) |
PV/WT/BGG [35] | Off-grid | BSS | HOMER | LCOE |
PV/ICE, PV/MGT [36] | Off-grid | BSS | MATLAB-Genetic Algorithm | LCOE, ηCHP |
PV/CHP [37] | Off-grid | BSS | HOMER | Technic |
WT/DG [38] | Off-grid | BSS | HOMER | LCOE, NPC, RF, CO2 |
PV/WT [39] | Off-grid | BSS | MATLAB (Simulink) | LCOE, LPSP |
PV [40] | On-grid | BSS | HOMER-MATLAB (Simulink) | Technic -LCOE |
PV [41] | On-grid | BSS | HOMER-ML | NPC, LCOE |
PV/DG [42] | On-grid | - | HOMER-ML | NPC, LCOE |
PV [43] | Off-grid | BSS-HT | HOMER-MATLAB (Simulink) | NPC |
Components | Installation Cost (USD/kW) | Renewal Cost (USD/kW) | O&M (USD/kW/yr) | Lifespan (yr) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PV system | 700 | 700 | 10 | 25 |
WT | 290,000 | 25,000 | 20 | 20 |
BGG | 2000 | 1250 | 0.01/h | 20,000 h |
Battery | 300/battery | 300/battery | 10/battery | 10 |
Converter | 300 | 300 | 0 | 15 |
Name | Proposed Dispatch Strategy | LF Dispatch Strategy | CC Dispatch Strategy |
---|---|---|---|
WT (kW) | 10 | 10 | 10 |
PV (kW) | 10 | 31 | 17.2 |
BGG (kW) | 8 | 8 | 8 |
BSS (kWh) | 12 | 54 | 33 |
Converter (kW) | 12 | 13 | 11.2 |
Dispatch Strategy | BGG | BSS | WT | PV | Conv. | System | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial Capital (USD) | PS | 16,000 | 6600 | 29,000 | 7000 | 3600 | 62,200 |
LF | 16,000 | 29,700 | 29,000 | 21,683.76 | 3890.41 | 100,274.17 | |
CC | 16,000 | 18,150 | 29,000 | 12,063.75 | 3371.96 | 78,585.72 | |
Replacement (USD) | PS | 14,191.39 | 19,250.64 | 7970.18 | 0 | 1527.39 | 42,939.59 |
LF | 8311.40 | 12,681.71 | 7970.18 | 0 | 1650.60 | 30,613.89 | |
CC | 13,036.85 | 16,479.23 | 7970.18 | 0 | 1430.63 | 38,916.90 | |
O&M (USD) | PS | 29,505.76 | 1551.30 | 129.28 | 1292.75 | 0 | 32,479.09 |
LF | 19,174.09 | 6980.86 | 129.28 | 4004.53 | 0 | 30,288.76 | |
CC | 26,279.06 | 4266.08 | 129.28 | 2227.92 | 0 | 32,902.33 | |
Salvage (USD) | PS | 1039.08 | 1126.51 | 4491.71 | 0 | 287.47 | 6944.71 |
LF | 1634.98 | 2282.58 | 4491.71 | 0 | 310.66 | 8719.94 | |
CC | 1973.36 | 1778.34 | 4491.71 | 0 | 269.26 | 8512.67 | |
Total (USD) | PS | 58,658.07 | 26,275.42 | 32,607.75 | 8292.75 | 4839.92 | 130,673.91 |
LF | 41,850.51 | 47,079.98 | 32,607.75 | 25,688.29 | 5230.35 | 152,456.89 | |
CC | 53,342.55 | 37,116.97 | 32,607.75 | 14,291.67 | 4533.34 | 141,892.28 |
Solar irradiation (kWh/m2/day) | Wind Speed m/s | PV (kWh) | WT (kWh) | BGG (kWh) | Fuel Price (USD) | NPC (USD) | LCOE (USD/kWh) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.860 | 3.650 | 6565 | 18,116 | 30,560 | - | 149,201 | 0.239 |
1 | 332,618.70 | 0.533 | |||||
1.860 | 4.590 | 6565 | 32,109 | 23,048 | - | 130,267.80 | 0.207 |
1 | 268,599.30 | 0.428 | |||||
7.910 | 4.590 | 23,779 | 32,109 | 16,757 | - | 114,204.30 | 0.180 |
1 | 214,777.80 | 0.340 | |||||
7.910 | 3.650 | 23,779 | 18,116 | 21,758 | - | 127,281.60 | 0.203 |
1 | 257,873 | 0.411 |
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Köprü, M.A.; Öztürk, D.; Yıldırım, B. A Dispatch Strategy for the Analysis of the Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177490
Köprü MA, Öztürk D, Yıldırım B. A Dispatch Strategy for the Analysis of the Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177490
Chicago/Turabian StyleKöprü, Mehmet Ali, Dursun Öztürk, and Burak Yıldırım. 2024. "A Dispatch Strategy for the Analysis of the Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177490