Multilevel Middle Point Clamped (MMPC) Converter for DC Wind Power Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Proposed MMPC Converter
2.1. Topology and Operational Modes
- Mode I: Figure 4a—Switches S1, S2, S3, and S4 turn ON, while S5, S6, S7, and S8 turn OFF. The energy will be stored in the inductor (Lb). Therefore, the input voltage () will appear across the inductor as
- Mode II: Figure 4b—S1, S2, and S7 turn ON while the rest of the switches turn OFF. The energy will be delivered to the load, i.e., MVDC grid, through the capacitor (C1), and diode (Db). In this mode, the inductor voltage and current are expressed as
- Mode III: Figure 4c—S1, S2, S7, and S8 will turn ON while the rest of the switches turn OFF. The energy will be delivered to the load through capacitors (C1, C2), and the diode (Db). In this mode, the inductor voltage and current are expressed as
- Mode IV: Figure 4d—S2, S7, and S8 turn ON while the rest of the switches turn OFF. The energy will be delivered to the load through the capacitor (C2), and diodes (D1, Db). In this mode, the voltage across the inductor is the same as Mode II, i.e., (3)–(4), except the switching scheme is different. Hence,
2.2. Mathematical Models
3. Simulation Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Company Name | Module | Voltage (kV) | Current (A) | Package |
---|---|---|---|---|
MITSUBUSHI ELECTRIC | CMH1200DC-34S | 1.7 | 1200 | Dual IGBT |
MITSUBUSHI ELECTRIC | CMH600DA-66X | 3.3 | 600 | Half-Bridge IGBT |
MITSUBUSHI ELECTRIC | CM200HG-130H | 6.5 | 200 | Single IGBT |
POWEREX | QID6508001 | 6.5 | 85 | Half-Bridge IGBT |
POWEREX | CM600HA-28H | 1.4 | 600 | Single IGBT |
WOLFSPEED | CAB500M17HM3 | 1.7 | 500 | Half-Bridge SiC |
Nominal power | 3.6 MW |
Rated speed | 600 RPM |
Phase RMS voltage | 10.45 kV |
Number of phases | 9-phase |
Number of poles | 10 |
Efficiency | 95% |
Per-phase resistance | 0.306 Ω |
Per-phase inductance | 75 mH |
Inductor Voltage States | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | Duty Cycle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Switching Strategy | |||||||||
Duty Cycle | Switching Group | Complementary | Mode | ||||||
S1, S2, S3, S4 | S5, S6, S7, S8 | I | |||||||
S1, S2, S6, S7 | S3, S4, S5, S8 | II | |||||||
S1, S2, S7, S8 | S3, S4, S5, S6 | III | |||||||
S2, S7, S8 | S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 | IV |
Parameters | Variables | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal Power | 3.6 MW | |||
Rectified Input Voltage | Vrdc | Cases | Voltage | Simulation Time (s) |
1 | 18.5 kV | 0–2, 8–10 | ||
2 | 12.5 kV | 2–4, 6–8 | ||
3 | 6.5 kV | 4–6 | ||
Output MVDC Voltage | VMVDC | 37 kV | ||
Output MVDC Current | IMVDC | 97.3 A | ||
Input Capacitors | C1, C2 | 10 μF, 10 μF | ||
Inductor | Lb | 3.3 mH | ||
Output Capacitor | Cb | 2200 μF |
Input Voltage Vrdc (kV) | Duty Cycle d1 | Output Voltage VMVDC (kV) | Output Current IMVDC (A) |
---|---|---|---|
18.5 | 0.25 | 37 | 97.3 |
12.5 | 0.33 | ||
9.5 | 0.48 |
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Karni, A.; Beik, O.; Gholamian, M.; Homaeinezhad, M.; Manzoor, M.O. Multilevel Middle Point Clamped (MMPC) Converter for DC Wind Power Applications. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177563
Karni A, Beik O, Gholamian M, Homaeinezhad M, Manzoor MO. Multilevel Middle Point Clamped (MMPC) Converter for DC Wind Power Applications. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177563
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarni, Awais, Omid Beik, Mahzad Gholamian, Mahdi Homaeinezhad, and Muhammad Owais Manzoor. 2024. "Multilevel Middle Point Clamped (MMPC) Converter for DC Wind Power Applications" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177563