Multi-Source Data-Based Investigation of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Coupling and Coordination in Human Settlements in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methods and Data Sources
2.1. Study Area and Data Sources
2.1.1. Brief Description of the Study Area
2.1.2. Index System and Data Sources
2.2. Research Methods
2.2.1. Modified CCD Model
2.2.2. Trend Surface Analysis
2.2.3. Center of Gravity (CoG) and Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE) Model
2.2.4. Geographical Detector Model
3. Results Analysis
3.1. Temporal Evolution of the PHS–RHS CCD in UAMRYR
3.2. Spatial Pattern of the PHS–RHS CCD in the UAMRYR
3.2.1. Spatial Pattern
3.2.2. Analysis of Inter-Provincial Variations
3.3. Dynamic Evolution of the PHS–RHS CCD in the UAMRYR
3.3.1. CoG Migration Analysis
3.3.2. SDE Analysis
3.4. Driving Mechanisms of PHS–RHS Coupling and Coordination in the UAMRYR
3.4.1. Factor Analysis
3.4.2. System Analysis
3.4.3. Morphological Analysis
3.4.4. Discussion of Mechanisms
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of PHS–RHS Coupling and Coordination
4.2. Driving Mechanisms of PHS–RHS Coupling and Coordination
4.3. Policy Recommendations
4.4. Limitations and Future Work
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion Layer | Intermediate Layer | Indicator Layer |
---|---|---|
Living system | Online shopping | Dianping 0.0176; Dangdang 0.0127; Gome 0.0111; JD 0.0238; Taobao 0.0226; VIPshop0.0174 |
Travel | Baidu maps 0.0222; Amap 0.0159; Trip 0.0176; 12306 railway 0.0119 | |
Life service | Anjuke 0.0209; Lianjia 0.0251; Sofang.com 0.0203; Goufang.com 0.0275; 58.com 0.0220; Meituan 0.0182; Elema 0.0177 | |
Entertainment system | Music | QQ music 0.0144; Kugou music 0.0139; Kuwo music 0.0079; Netease cloudmusic 0.0171; Himalaya 0.0128 |
Video | Iqiyi 0.0151; Tencent video 0.0227; Youku 0.0188; Mango TV 0.0123 | |
Read | QQ reading 0.0072; Start reading 0.0207 | |
Play | Fun fest 0.0145; League of legends 0.0142 | |
Information system | News browsing | Sina news 0.0086; Sohu news 0.0100; Tencent news 0.0128; Toutiao 0.0170; Netease news 0.0085 |
Weather forecast | Moweather 0.0083; 2345 weather 0.0103 | |
Information search | UC browser 0.0142; QQ browser 0.0103; Quark 0.0251; Baidu 0.0254 | |
Socialization system | Internet socialization | Micro blog 0.0225; Zhihu 0.0258; Kwai 0.0145; Bilibili 0.0207 |
Instant messaging | QQ 0.0162; Wechat 0.0173; China unicom 0.0130; China mobile 0.0171; China telecom 0.0101 | |
Tool system | Work-study | Microsoft office 0.0092; Youdao 0.0118; WPS office 0.0143 |
Financial management | China construction bank 0.0126; Agricultural bank of china 0.0102; Alipay 0.0184 | |
Network security | 360 security 0.0088; Tencent mobile manager 0.0086 | |
Face-lifting photo | Meitu 0.0144; Beautycam 0.0124; Photoshop 0.0083 | |
File storage | Baidu netdisk 0.0164; Thunder 0.0163; Tencent cloud 0.0145 |
Criterion Layer | Intermediate Layer | Indicator Layer |
---|---|---|
Human system | Population situation | Urbanization rate 0.0287;Natural population growth rate 0.0038; Gender ratio 0.0171; Ratio of permanent population to registered residence population 0.0198 |
Employment status | Urban registered unemployment rate 0.0274; The proportion of population in the tertiary industry 0.0191; Per capita built-up area 0.0280; Average price of newly built housing 0.0040 | |
Residential system | Land resource | Population density in urban areas 0.0180; The proportion of urban construction land to built-up area 0.0079; Per capita built-up area 0.0280; Average price of newly built housing 0.0040 |
Residential status | Urban per capita housing construction area 0.0178; The proportion of investment in real estate development 0.0383; Per capita income to housing price ratio 0.0172 | |
Social system | Enterprise status | Per capita liabilities of industrial enterprises above designated size 0.0059 |
Social assets | Per capita Gross Domestic Product 0.0449; Gross Domestic Product Index 0.0055; Per capita social fixed assets investment 0.0289 | |
Financial budget | The proportion of social security and employment expenditure to local public finance expenditure 0.0198 | |
People’s Lives | Average salary of on duty employees 0.0379; Average annual disposable income per capita for urban residents 0.0337; Consumer Price Index for Residents 0.0098 | |
Social security | The proportion of urban basic pension insurance participants 0.0338 | |
Support system | Science, education, culture and health | Public library collections per 100 people 0.0596; Number of beds in medical institutions per thousand population 0.0227; Number of practicing (assistant) physicians per thousand population 0.0217; Teacher–student ratio in higher education institutions 0.0547; Number of ordinary higher education institutions per 10,000 people 0.0962; Primary and secondary school full-time teachers bear the burden of student numbers 0.0144 |
Public utilities | Per capita urban road area 0.0344; Urban water usage penetration rate 0.0014; Urban gas penetration rate 0.0039; Urban sewage centralized treatment rate 0.0043; Harmless treatment rate of household waste 0.0012; 10,000 people have access to public transportation 0.0729; Number of internet users per 10,000 people 0.0508; Number of road lights per kilometer 0.0390 | |
Environmental system | Environmental pollution | Per capita total industrial wastewater discharge 0.0059; Per capita sulfur dioxide emissions per 10,000 people 0.0069; Dust emissions per 10,000 people 0.0028 |
Environmental feedback | Per capita park green space area 0.0213; Green coverage rate in built-up areas 0.0077; Air quality excellence rate 0.0111 |
CCD | Class | CCD | Class |
---|---|---|---|
0.00–0.10 | Extremely uncoordinated | 0.50–0.60 | Barely coordinated |
0.10–0.20 | Severely uncoordinated | 0.60–0.70 | Preliminarily coordinated |
0.20–0.30 | Moderately uncoordinated | 0.70–0.80 | Moderately coordinated |
0.30–0.40 | Slightly uncoordinated | 0.80–0.90 | Well-coordinated |
0.40–0.50 | Marginally uncoordinated | 0.90–1.00 | Highly coordinated |
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Wu, W.; Tian, S.; Li, H.; Li, X.; Wang, Y. Multi-Source Data-Based Investigation of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Coupling and Coordination in Human Settlements in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177583
Wu W, Tian S, Li H, Li X, Wang Y. Multi-Source Data-Based Investigation of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Coupling and Coordination in Human Settlements in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177583
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Wenmei, Shenzhen Tian, Hang Li, Xueming Li, and Yadan Wang. 2024. "Multi-Source Data-Based Investigation of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Coupling and Coordination in Human Settlements in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177583