The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ultimate Strength Capacity of a Designed Vertical Axis Turbine Blade for Ocean Current Power Generators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Turbine Configuration
3. Finite Element Method
4. Methodology
4.1. Flowchart
4.2. Numerical Validation
4.3. Numerical Modeling
4.4. Mesh Convergence Study
4.5. Space between Support Variation
4.6. Pitch Angle Variation
4.7. Frame Variation
4.8. Materials Variation
5. Result and Discussion
5.1. Space between Support
5.2. Pitch Angle
5.3. Frame Geometry
5.4. Material
6. Conclusions
- The optimal distance between supports for the turbine blade in an ocean current power generator is 2200 mm. This distance provides the most optimal load distribution, resulting in an even distribution of stress. The even stress distribution allows this support distance to achieve a high maximum load and, consequently, a high maximum displacement.
- A pitch angle between −20° and 20° does not significantly affect the structural strength of a turbine blade. This is because the load on the axial component of the blade is much smaller than the load on the normal component. Therefore, as long as the aerodynamics of the blade are not considered, the pitch angle can be freely adjusted within this range.
- The frame geometry used in turbine blades affects rigidity, weight, and blade surface area. This variation causes the maximum load, stress, displacement, and maximum load-to-weight ratio to differ for each geometry. The more solid a blade frame is, the higher the maximum load, stress, and displacement due to better stress distribution. However, a more solid frame results in a smaller maximum load-to-weight ratio. Therefore, a blade-shaped frame is chosen because it offers the best maximum load-to-weight ratio among the various frame shapes.
- Each material has different mechanical properties. The higher ultimate strength of a material increases the maximum stress it can withstand. A higher Young’s Modulus increases the blade stiffness, thereby reducing the displacement. However, a higher material density increases the blade weight, reducing the maximum load-to-weight ratio. Therefore, CFRP material is selected because it offers a high maximum load-to-weight ratio and can withstand high maximum stress.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wall Thickness (mm) | Total Force (kN) |
---|---|
Solid | 26.02 |
5 | 11.83 |
4 | 9.76 |
3 | 7.59 |
Wall Thickness (mm) | Deformation (mm) | Difference (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Hameed and Afaq [37] | Current Study | ||
Solid | 7.39 | 7.90 | 6.9 |
5 | 4.51 | 4.76 | 5.5 |
4 | 4.27 | 3.99 | 6.5 |
3 | 4.07 | 3.93 | 3.4 |
Code | L1 (mm) | Distance from End (mm) |
---|---|---|
A-1 | 3600 | 0 |
A-2 | 3000 | 300 |
A-3 | 2800 | 400 |
A-4 | 2700 | 450 |
A-5 | 2500 | 550 |
A-6 | 2300 | 650 |
A-7 | 2200 | 700 |
A-8 | 2000 | 800 |
A-9 | 1600 | 1000 |
A-10 | 1000 | 1300 |
A-11 | 0 | 1800 |
Code | Pitch Angle |
---|---|
B-1 | −20° |
B-2 | −10° |
B-3 | −5° |
B-4 | 0° |
B-5 | +5° |
B-6 | +10° |
B-7 | +20° |
Code | Frame Shape |
---|---|
C-1 | Frame |
C-2 | Web |
C-3 | Solid Blade |
C-4 | Hollow Blade |
Code | Material | Density (kg/m3) | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Ultimate Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-1 | Stainless Steel [44] | 8000 | 193 | 539 | 766 |
D-2 | Al 6061 [45] | 2700 | 68.9 | 276 | 310 |
D-3 | CFRP [46] | 1800 | 130 | 1756 | - |
D-4 | GFRP [47] | 2500 | 45.6 | 1280 | - |
Code | Normalized by (N) |
---|---|
C-1 (frame) | 237.6 |
C-2 (web) | 150.2 |
C-3 (solid) | 129.6 |
C-4 (hollow) | 729.0 |
Code | Normalized by (N) | |
---|---|---|
Hollow Blade | Solid Blade | |
D-1 (Stainless Steel) | 384.0 | 2160 |
D-2 (Aluminum) | 129.6 | 729 |
D-3 (CFRP) | 86.4 | 486 |
D-4 (GFRP) | 120.0 | 675 |
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Rasgianti; Mukhtasor; Satrio, D. The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ultimate Strength Capacity of a Designed Vertical Axis Turbine Blade for Ocean Current Power Generators. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7655. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177655
Rasgianti, Mukhtasor, Satrio D. The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ultimate Strength Capacity of a Designed Vertical Axis Turbine Blade for Ocean Current Power Generators. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7655. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177655
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasgianti, Mukhtasor, and Dendy Satrio. 2024. "The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ultimate Strength Capacity of a Designed Vertical Axis Turbine Blade for Ocean Current Power Generators" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7655. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177655