Fuzzy Logic Method for Measuring Sustainable Decent Work Levels as a Corporate Social Responsibility Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The design of a fuzzy logic method to define and quantify work conditions to determine the level of sustainable decent work as a CSR approach.
- The definition of the presence or absence of sustainable decent work using policies and laws relating to sustainability and safety and health in work.
- A proposed CSR approach tool that establishes a multivariable record for measuring and monitoring the level of sustainable decent work in the workplace.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Problem Description
2.2. Case Study
2.3. Phase I: Fuzzification
2.3.1. Defining Fuzzy Models and Fuzzy Sets
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—environmental conditions, ergonomic factors, and organisation at work in workplaces which generate minimum fatigue or stress and lead to work-related illnesses in the long term—scored between 0 and 3;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—environmental conditions, ergonomic factors, and organisation at work in workplaces which generate fatigue and stress and lead to work-related illnesses in the medium term—scored between 2 and 7;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—environmental conditions, ergonomic factors, and organisation at work in workplaces which generate extreme fatigue and stress and lead to work-related illnesses in the short term—scored between 6 and 10.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—noise less than 80 dB;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—noise between 80 dB and 90 dB;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—noise higher than 90 dB.
- Low visual requirement: low level of risk—presence of SDW—lighting from 70 lux to 300 lux;
- Normal: medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—lighting from 200 lux to 750 lux;
- Demanding: high level of risk—absence of SDW—lighting higher than 500 lux.
- Cold: low level of risk—presence of SDW—heat stress from 10 °C and under to 23 °C;
- Thermal neutrality: medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—heat stress between 20 °C and 30 °C;
- Hot: high level of risk—absence of SDW—heat stress from 27 to 45 °C, considering that from values close to 40 °C, heat disorders begin to occur in humans.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—exposition time of 0 min to 80 min;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—exposition time between 60 min and 120 min;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—exposition time of 100 min to 180 min or more.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—mass of 0 kg to 10 kg;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—mass between 7 kg and 15 kg;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—mass of 13 kg to 25 kg or more.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—handling frequency of 0 movements to 700 movements;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—handling frequency between 600 movements and 1100 movements;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—handling frequency of 900 to 1800 movements or more.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—workplace violence score of 0 points to 8 points;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—workplace violence score between 9 points and 12 points;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—workplace violence score of more than 13 points.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—salary of more than USD 30 per day;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—salary between USD 12 and USD 30 per day;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—salary of USD 6 to USD 12 per day.
- Low level of risk—presence of SDW—workday between 4 h and 8 h;
- Medium level of risk—some presence of SDW—workday between 7 h and 10 h;
- High level of risk—absence of SDW—workday between 9 h and 12 h or more.
2.3.2. Defining Linguistic Variables and Fuzzy Rules
- Variable → Environmental conditions. Linguistic variables → Noise, Lighting, and Heat_Stress;
- Variable → Ergonomic factors. Linguistic variables → Exposition_Time, Mass_Object, Lifting_Frequency;
- Variable → Organisation at work. Linguistic variables → Workplace_Violence, Salary, Workday;
- Membership function → absence of SDW;
- Membership function → some features of SDW;
- Membership function → presence of SDW.
2.4. Phase II: Defuzzification
Programming the Fuzzy Rules in the Fuzzy Logic Designer
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Fuzzy Rules
Appendix B. Examples of Evaluations by Department
References
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Environmental Conditions | Ergonomic Factors | Organisation at Work | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IF | IF | IF | IF | IF | IF | IF | IF | IF | ||||
AND | AND | THEN | AND | AND | THEN | AND | AND | THEN | ||||
Rule No. | Noise | Lighting | Heat_Stress | SWD Risk | Exposition_Time | Mass_Object | Lifting_Frequency | SDW Risk | Workplace_Violence | Salary | Workday | SDW Risk |
1 | Low | Low | Low | Absence | High | High | High | Absence | Low | Low | Low | Some |
2 | Medium | Low | Low | Absence | High | High | Medium | Absence | Low | Low | Medium | Some |
3 | High | Low | Low | Absence | High | High | Low | Absence | Low | Low | High | Absence |
4 | Low | Low | Medium | Some | High | Medium | High | Absence | Low | Medium | Low | Presence |
5 | Medium | Low | Medium | Some | High | Medium | Medium | Absence | Low | Medium | Medium | Presence |
6 | High | Low | Medium | Absence | High | Medium | Low | Absence | Low | Medium | High | Some |
7 | Low | Low | High | Absence | High | Low | High | Absence | Low | High | Low | Presence |
8 | Medium | Low | High | Absence | High | Low | Medium | Some | Low | High | Medium | Presence |
9 | High | Low | High | Absence | High | Low | Low | Presence | Low | High | High | Presence |
10 | Low | Medium | Low | Absence | Medium | High | High | Absence | Medium | Low | Low | Absence |
11 | Medium | Medium | Low | Absence | Medium | High | Medium | Absence | Medium | Low | Medium | Absence |
12 | High | Medium | Low | Absence | Medium | High | Low | Some | Medium | Low | High | Absence |
13 | Low | Medium | Medium | Presence | Medium | Medium | High | Some | Medium | Medium | Low | Absence |
14 | Medium | Medium | Medium | Presence | Medium | Medium | Medium | Some | Medium | Medium | Medium | Absence |
15 | High | Medium | Medium | Some | Medium | Medium | Low | Some | Medium | Medium | High | Absence |
16 | Low | Medium | High | Absence | Medium | Low | High | Some | Medium | High | Low | Absence |
17 | Medium | Medium | High | Absence | Medium | Low | Medium | Some | Medium | High | Medium | Absence |
18 | High | Medium | High | Absence | Medium | Low | Low | Presence | Medium | High | High | Absence |
19 | Low | High | Low | Absence | Low | High | High | Some | High | Low | Low | Absence |
20 | Medium | High | Low | Absence | Low | High | Medium | Some | High | Low | Medium | Absence |
21 | High | High | Low | Absence | Low | High | Low | Presence | High | Low | High | Absence |
22 | Low | High | Medium | Presence | Low | Medium | High | Some | High | Medium | Low | Absence |
23 | Medium | High | Medium | Presence | Low | Medium | Medium | Some | High | Medium | Medium | Absence |
24 | High | High | Medium | Some | Low | Medium | Low | Presence | High | Medium | High | Absence |
25 | Low | High | High | Absence | Low | Low | High | Presence | High | High | Low | Absence |
26 | Medium | High | High | Absence | Low | Low | Medium | Presence | High | High | Medium | Absence |
27 | High | High | High | Absence | Low | Low | Low | Presence | High | High | High | Absence |
Departments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linguistic Variables | Membership Functions | Ranks | Laminating | Tempering | Post Glass | Supply Chain | Quality Control | Total |
Noise | Low_Risk | <80 db | 2 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 13 | |
Medium_Risk | 80–90 db | 39 | 35 | 16 | 10 | 100 | ||
High_Risk | >90 db | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | ||
Lighting | Low_Risk | 70–300 lux | 43 | 55 | 42 | 0 | 1 | 42 |
Medium_Risk | 200–750 lux | 92 | 91 | 7 | 49 | 23 | 262 | |
High_Risk | >600 lux | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Heat_Stress | Low_Risk | 10–23 °C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | |
Medium_Risk | 20–30 °C | 7 | 10 | 0 | 40 | 57 | ||
High_Risk | 27–45 °C | 15 | 8 | 50 | 3 | 25 | 101 | |
Total | 594 |
Question | Questions Answered with “Yes” | Questions Answered with “No” | Unanswered Question for Fear of Reprisals |
---|---|---|---|
| 78 | 188 | 45 |
| 86 | 180 | 45 |
| 169 | 97 | 45 |
| 185 | 81 | 45 |
| 150 | 116 | 45 |
| 223 | 43 | 45 |
| 43 | 233 | 45 |
| 105 | 161 | 45 |
| 9 | 246 | 45 |
| 18 | 267 | 45 |
Workstation | Environmental Conditions | Ergonomics Factors | Organisation at Work | SDWL | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Laminating | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5.84 | Some features of SDW |
2 Laminating | 3 | 6 | 7 | 5.8 | Some features of SDW |
3 Laminating | 7 | 4 | 5 | 5.81 | Some features of SDW |
4 Laminating | 8 | 6 | 8 | 1.78 | Absence of SDW |
5 Laminating | 7 | 4 | 7.5 | 3.23 | Absence of SDW |
6 Laminating | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5.8 | Some features of SDW |
7 Laminating | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5.84 | Some features of SDW |
8 Quality Control | 8 | 3 | 8 | 1.78 | Absence of SDW |
9 Quality Control | 8 | 3 | 3 | 5.8 | Some features of SDW |
10 Quality Control | 8 | 2 | 2 | 8.84 | Presence of SDW |
11 Quality Control | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8.9 | Presence of SDW |
12 Quality Control | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5.8 | Some features of SDW |
13 Quality Control | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5.81 | Some features of SDW |
14 Supply Chain | 1.5 | 7.69 | 1.5 | 1.59 | Absence of SDW |
15 Supply Chain | 4.53 | 3.79 | 4.03 | 5.83 | Some features of SDW |
16 Supply Chain | 4 | 1.34 | 5 | 5.84 | Some features of SDW |
17 Supply Chain | 4.04 | 2.38 | 5.67 | 5.79 | Some features of SDW |
18 Tempering | 2.35 | 1.06 | 3.38 | 2.69 | Absence of SDW |
19 Tempering | 1.5 | 3.85 | 7.32 | 1.81 | Absence of SDW |
20 Tempering | 5 | 7.12 | 8.5 | 1.71 | Absence of SDW |
21 Tempering | 8.69 | 8.22 | 1.5 | 1.53 | Absence of SDW |
22 Tempering | 3.45 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 5.83 | Some features of SDW |
23 Tempering | 2.35 | 1.24 | 5 | 2.69 | Absence of SDW |
24 Tempering | 8.74 | 6.63 | 3.5 | 3.2 | Absence of SDW |
25 Post Glass | 3.48 | 1.4 | 4 | 5.83 | Some features of SDW |
26 Post Glass | 8.69 | 1.24 | 6.5 | 8.87 | Presence of SDW |
27 Post Glass | 1.5 | 3.88 | 7 | 1.74 | Absence of SDW |
28 Post Glass | 5 | 1.06 | 8.5 | 1.54 | Absence of SDW |
29 Post Glass | 8 | 2.35 | 1.5 | 8.82 | Presence of SDW |
30 Post Glass | 7 | 8.47 | 3 | 1.74 | Absence of SDW |
31 Post Glass | 3.5 | 1.07 | 1.5 | 5.84 | Some features of SDW |
32 Post Glass | 2.3 | 8.23 | 5 | 1.65 | Absence of SDW |
33 Post Glass | 1.5 | 3.85 | 2.32 | 1.81 | Absence of SDW |
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Abundes-Recilla, A.N.; Seuret-Jiménez, D.; Contreras-Valenzuela, M.R.; Nieto-Jalil, J.M. Fuzzy Logic Method for Measuring Sustainable Decent Work Levels as a Corporate Social Responsibility Approach. Sustainability 2024, 16, 1791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051791
Abundes-Recilla AN, Seuret-Jiménez D, Contreras-Valenzuela MR, Nieto-Jalil JM. Fuzzy Logic Method for Measuring Sustainable Decent Work Levels as a Corporate Social Responsibility Approach. Sustainability. 2024; 16(5):1791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051791
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbundes-Recilla, Alma Nataly, Diego Seuret-Jiménez, Martha Roselia Contreras-Valenzuela, and José M. Nieto-Jalil. 2024. "Fuzzy Logic Method for Measuring Sustainable Decent Work Levels as a Corporate Social Responsibility Approach" Sustainability 16, no. 5: 1791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051791