The Impact of the Integration of the Culture Industry and Tourism on Regional Green Development: Empirical Evidence from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Mechanism and Research Hypothesis
3. Research Design
3.1. Construction and Description of the Measurement Model
3.1.1. Benchmark Model
3.1.2. Mediating-Effect Model
3.1.3. Moderating-Effect Model
3.2. Evaluation Index System of Regional Green Development Level
3.3. Evaluation System of the Integration Level of the Culture Industry and Tourism
3.4. Variable Descriptions
4. Empirical Results and Analysis
4.1. Benchmark Regression
4.2. Robustness Test
4.2.1. The Modification of the Measurement Indicators for the Dependent Variable
4.2.2. The Modification of the Method Used to Calculate the Explanatory Variables
4.2.3. Test for Endogeneity
4.3. Heterogeneity Analysis under Different Levels of Regional Green Development
4.4. Analysis of Mediating Mechanism
4.5. Moderating-Effect Test
5. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
6. Research Deficiencies and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First-Level Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Tertiary Indicators | Indicator Attribute |
---|---|---|---|
Green production | Quality of economic growth | GDP per capita growth rate | + |
Proportion of industrial added value to GDP | + | ||
Proportion of added value of the tertiary industry to GDP | + | ||
Per capita disposable personal income | + | ||
Intensity of pollution emissions | Wastewater discharge per unit of GDP | − | |
Sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP | − | ||
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP | − | ||
Smoke and dust emissions per unit of GDP | − | ||
Intensity of resource utilization | Total electricity consumption per unit of GDP | − | |
Water consumption per unit of GDP | − | ||
Unit of GDP built-up area | − | ||
Energy consumption per unit of GDP | − | ||
Green ecology | Ecological protection | Proportion of afforestation area to jurisdictional area | + |
Forest coverage rate | + | ||
Environmental governance | Domestic sewage treatment rate | + | |
Harmless treatment rate of household waste | + | ||
Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste | + | ||
Resource endowment | Per capita water resources | + | |
Per capita garden and green space area | + | ||
Green living | Green behavior | Per capita living electricity consumption | − |
Per capita daily water consumption | − | ||
Passenger volume of urban public transportation per 10,000 population | + | ||
Living environment | Green coverage rate in built-up areas | + | |
PM2.5 | − | ||
Urban tap water penetration rate | + | ||
Urban gas penetration rate | + | ||
Number of public toilets per 10,000 population | + |
First-Level Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Tertiary Indicators | Indicator Attribute |
---|---|---|---|
Tourism development level | Tourism performance | Domestic tourism revenue (CNY 100 million) | + |
Foreign exchange revenue from tourism (USD 100 million) | + | ||
Number of domestic tourists (10,000 person-times) | + | ||
Number of inbound tourists (10,000 person-times) | + | ||
Tourism factors | Number of travel agencies | + | |
Number of star-rated hotels | + | ||
Number of scenic spots above the 4A level | + | ||
Number of employees in tourism (ten thousand) | + | ||
Development level of culture industry | Culture industry performance | Total operating revenue of cultural market (CNY 100 million) | + |
Cultural undertakings (CNY 100 million) | + | ||
Number of museum visitors (ten thousand) | + | ||
Number of audiences for performances by art groups (10,000 person-times) | + | ||
Culture industry factors | Number of cultural market operating institutions | + | |
Number of arts performance venues | + | ||
Number of mass cultural institutions | + | ||
Employees in culture industry (ten thousand) | + |
Variable | Mean | p50 | SD | Min. | Max. | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gre | 0.436 | 0.434 | 0.0840 | 0.232 | 0.706 | 330 |
IC | 0.323 | 0.325 | 0.123 | 0.0190 | 0.653 | 330 |
HIT | 0.229 | 0.191 | 0.116 | 0.0850 | 0.877 | 330 |
er | 0.757 | 0.648 | 0.482 | 0.216 | 3.614 | 330 |
gov | 24.87 | 22.59 | 10.25 | 10.66 | 64.30 | 330 |
urb | 59.59 | 58.09 | 12.14 | 35.03 | 89.6 | 330 |
ind | 47.63 | 47 | 9.733 | 29.68 | 83.87 | 330 |
sci | 0.459 | 0.358 | 0.269 | 0.136 | 1.405 | 330 |
lnperGDP | 4.723 | 4.706 | 0.193 | 4.215 | 5.265 | 330 |
(RE) | (RE) | (FE) | (FE) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gre | Gre | Gre | Gre | |
IC | 0.356 *** | 0.293 *** | 0.289 *** | 0.137 ** |
(0.049) | (0.049) | (0.067) | (0.062) | |
gov | −0.085 | 0.225 *** | ||
(0.059) | (0.079) | |||
urb | 0.000 | 0.001 | ||
(0.001) | (0.001) | |||
ind | −0.145 *** | 0.021 | ||
(0.048) | (0.056) | |||
sci | 4.850 *** | 3.279 ** | ||
(1.438) | (1.307) | |||
lnperGDP | 0.054 * | 0.300 *** | ||
(0.031) | (0.046) | |||
Year | N | N | Y | Y |
Province | N | N | Y | Y |
_cons | 0.320 *** | 0.141 | 0.550 *** | −1.034 *** |
(0.020) | (0.125) | (0.029) | (0.242) | |
N | 330 | 330 | 330 | 330 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
R2 | 0.348 | 0.453 | 0.228 | 0.411 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gre* | Gre | Gre* | |
IC | 0.288 *** | ||
(0.822) | |||
IC* | 0.098 ** | 0.142 *** | |
(0.042) | (0.053) | ||
Control | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y |
Province | Y | Y | Y |
_cons | 0.468 *** | 0.653 *** | 0.527 *** |
(0.105) | (0.049) | (0.102) | |
N | 330 | 330 | 330 |
R2 | 0.405 | 0.302 | 0.395 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 | 30 |
(First Stage) | (Second Stage) | |
---|---|---|
IC | Gre | |
IC | 0.180 * | |
(0.102) | ||
IV | 0.413 *** | |
(0.104) | ||
L.IC | 0.499 *** | |
(0.060) | ||
Control | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y |
Province | Y | Y |
First-stage F-statistic | F = 57.677 | |
(P) | (0.000) | |
N | 300 | 300 |
R2 | 0.983 | 0.956 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 |
(q10) | (q25) | (q50) | (q75) | (q90) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gre | Gre | Gre | Gre | Gre | |
IC | 0.196 * | 0.254 ** | 0.264 ** | 0.286 ** | 0.336 ** |
(0.104) | (0.123) | (0.120) | (0.126) | (0.153) | |
Control | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Province | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
_cons | 0.496 *** | 0.428 ** | 0.299 * | 0.250 * | 0.577 *** |
(0.049) | (0.173) | (0.152) | (0.147) | (0.062) | |
N | 330 | 330 | 330 | 330 | 330 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.752 | 0.767 | 0.757 | 0.772 | 0.789 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gre | TSH | Gre | |
IC | 0.142 ** | 8.763 *** | 0.106 * |
(0.064) | (3.265) | (0.064) | |
TSH | 0.004 *** | ||
(0.0011) | |||
Control | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y |
Province | Y | Y | Y |
Sobel test | 0.03584 (z = 2.153, p = 0.0313) | ||
N | 330 | 330 | 330 |
R2 | 0.365 | 0.828 | 0.475 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 | 30 |
(1) | (2) | |
---|---|---|
Gre | Gre* | |
IC | 0.142 ** | 0.198 *** |
(0.061) | (0.733) | |
er | 0.031 ** | 0.044 *** |
(0.013) | (0.156) | |
IC × er | 0.189 *** | 0.173 *** |
(0.467) | (0.559) | |
Control | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y |
Province | Y | Y |
_cons | −1.129 *** | −2.025 *** |
(0.236) | (0.282) | |
N | 330 | 330 |
R2 | 0.448 | 0.552 |
Provinces | 30 | 30 |
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Qi, Z.; You, Y. The Impact of the Integration of the Culture Industry and Tourism on Regional Green Development: Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083161
Qi Z, You Y. The Impact of the Integration of the Culture Industry and Tourism on Regional Green Development: Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2024; 16(8):3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083161
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi, Zhenyu, and Yuezhou You. 2024. "The Impact of the Integration of the Culture Industry and Tourism on Regional Green Development: Empirical Evidence from China" Sustainability 16, no. 8: 3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083161