Fatty Acid Desaturase Involvement in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Models: Oxidative Stress Versus Metalloproteinases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Animals
2.3. Serum Measures
2.4. Hepatic Lipid Extraction and Quantification
2.5. Protein Levels and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9)
2.6. Oxidative Stress
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Desaturase Activity Index in MCD e Zucker Rats
3.2. Correlation/Association between Desaturase Activity Indexes and DHA Versus Oxidative Stress
3.3. Correlation between Desaturase Activity Indexes and DHA Versus Matrix Metalloproteinases
3.4. Correlation between Serum Levels of TNF-alpha Versus Liver Desaturases, DHA and MMPs
3.5. Dietary and Genetic Model of NAFLD
3.6. Hepatic Fatty Acid Profiles
4. Discussion
4.1. Desaturases and DHA Versus Oxidative Stress
4.2. Desaturase and DHA versus MMPs
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control MCD | MCD | p1 | Lean Zucker | Obese Zucker | p1 | p1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D5D | 37.06 ± 4.3 | 8.89 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 56.65 ± 12.5 | 27.09 ± 4.0 | <0.001 | # |
D6D | 0.0076 ± 0.0012 | 0.0383 ± 0.0037 | <0.001 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
D9-16D | 0.0565 ± 0.0082 | 0.0510 ± 0.0084 | <0.001 | 0.040 ± 0.0049 | 0.153 ± 0.021 | <0.001 | # |
D9-18D | 1.249 ± 0.177 | 3.266 ± 0.273 | <0.001 | 0.437 ± 0.055 | 0.909 ± 0.054 | <0.001 | # |
TBARS | 0.06 ± 0.003 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | <0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.0006 | <0.05 | § |
ROS | 26,677.3 ± 7691.3 | 3,384,750.2 ± 4844.4 | <0.05 | 27,671.0 ± 10,713.9 | 12,498.2 ± 987.4 | ns | § |
GSH | 37.5 ± 1.6 | 16.1 ± 0.9 | <0.05 | 35.7 ± 2.0 | 31.2 ± 2.7 | ns | § |
MMP-2 activity | 227.3 ± 17.3 | 397.1 ± 53.0 | <0.05 | 192.0 ± 5.8 | 139.7 ± 14.3 | ns | § |
MMP-9 activity | 92.8 ± 12.5 | 163.3 ± 17.6 | <0.05 | n.d. | n.d. | ns | n.d. |
MMP-2 protein | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | ns | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | ns | § |
MMP-9 protein | 0.2 ± 0.007 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | ns | n.d. | n.d. | ns | n.d. |
Serum TNF-alpha | ||
---|---|---|
r/rs | p | |
D5 | −0.708 | 0.010 |
D6 | −0.040 | ns |
D9-16 | −0.611 | 0.035 |
D9-18 | 0.830 | 0.0008 |
DHA | −0.802 | 0.0017 |
MMP-2 activity | 0.909 | <0.0001 |
MMP-2 protein | 0.887 | 0.0014 |
Control MCD | MCD | p1 | Lean Zucker | Obese Zucker | p1 | p1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALT | 23.3 ± 1.6 | 124.0 ± 34.0 | <0.05 | 68.0 ± 3.5 | 109.3 ± 16.9 | <0.05 | ns |
AST | 59.5 ± 4.8 | 128.0 ± 16.8 | <0.05 | 114.7 ± 18.0 | 111.5 ± 8.9 | ns | ns |
Alkaline phosphatase | 134.0 ± 7.3 | 186.3 ± 25.3 | ns | 191.0 ± 5.1 | 194.2 ± 10.7 | ns | ns |
Glucose | 179.5 ± 11.7 | 151.2 ± 7.5 | <0.05 | 128.3 ± 10.7 | 144.2 ± 8.4 | ns | ns |
Total bilirubin | 0.11 ± 0.004 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.001 | 0.13 ± 0.002 | ns | § |
Direct bilirubin | 0.12 ± 0.002 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.1 ± 0.001 | 0.12 ± 0.002 | ns | § |
p-Cholinesterase | 272.4 ± 10.9 | 886.2 ± 41.4 | <0.05 | 478.7 ± 39.9 | 651.4 ± 28.7 | <0.05 | § |
Cholesterol | 64.7 ± 4.1 | 23.8 ± 1.6 | <0.05 | 100.0 ± 3.5 | 180.5 ± 4.8 | <0.05 | § |
Triglycerides | 72.3 ± 16.8 | 16.8 ± 2.3 | <0.05 | 40.0 ± 5.1 | 215.5 ± 38.2 | <0.05 | § |
TNF-alpha | 27.2 ± 1.1 | 36.9 ± 2.3 | <0.05 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | ns | § |
ControlMCD | MCD | p1 | Lean Zucker | Obese Zucker | p1 | p1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16:00 | 66.44 ± 12.5 | 32.64 ± 5.13 | <0.05 | 53.52 ± 16.27 | 11.05 ± 2.58 | <0.05 | § |
18:00 | 27.25 ± 4.45 | 8.48 ± 0.89 | <0.001 | 27.40 ± 5.22 | 8.30 ± 2.12 | <0.001 | ns |
Total SFA | 93.69 ± 15.07 | 41.13 ± 5.91 | <0.05 | 80.97 ± 21.90 | 19.36 ± 4.67 | <0.05 | § |
16:1 n-7 | 3.2 ± 0.35 | 1.59 ± 0.26 | <0.05 | 2.39 ± 0.87 | 1.94 ± 0.69 | ns | § |
18:1 n-7 | 4.44 ± 0.83 | 2.93 ± 0.49 | ns | 4.76 ± 1.0 | 1.57 ± 0.48 | <0.05 | ns |
18:1 n-9 | 31.6 ± 4.99 | 28.2 ± 4.61 | ns | 13.3 ± 3.37 | 7.4 ± 1.70 | ns | § |
Total MUFA | 39.25 ± 5.46 | 32.72 ± 5.28 | ns | 20.43 ± 4.93 | 10.63 ± 2.93 | ns | § |
18:2 n-6 | 52.1 ± 7.67 | 63.88 ± 9.75 | ns | 17.78 ± 3.9 | 2.75 ± 0.66 | <0.05 | § |
18:3 n-6 | 0.41 ± 0.09 | 2.33 ± 0.34 | <0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.07 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
20:3 n-6 | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 1.34 ± 0.30 | ns | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.40 ± 0.10 | ns | § |
20:4 n-6 | 45.17 ± 11.97 | 11.76 ± 1.15 | <0.05 | 66.19 ± 19.22 | 9.58 ± 1.49 | <0.05 | ns |
22:5 n-3 | 1.76 ± 0.57 | 1.71 ± 0.14 | ns | 11.90 ± 5.4 | 0.67 ± 0.08 | <0.05 | § |
22:6 n-3 | 2.80 ± 0.43 | 1.83 ± 0.24 | <0.05 | 6.57 ± 1.04 | 3.2 ± 0.49 | <0.05 | § |
Total PUFA | 102.16 ± 19.25 | 82.55 ± 11.51 | ns | 102.02 ± 29.79 | 16.54 ± 2.43 | <0.05 | § |
SFA/MUFA | 2.37 ± 0.17 | 1.28 ± 0.036 | <0.05 | 4.17 ± 0.40 | 1.96 ± 0.14 | <0.05 | § |
PUFA/MUFA | 2.56 ± 0.25 | 2.63 ± 0.19 | ns | 5.99 ± 1.35 | 1.85 ± 0.25 | <0.05 | § |
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Palladini, G.; Di Pasqua, L.G.; Berardo, C.; Siciliano, V.; Richelmi, P.; Mannucci, B.; Croce, A.C.; Rizzo, V.; Perlini, S.; Vairetti, M.; et al. Fatty Acid Desaturase Involvement in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Models: Oxidative Stress Versus Metalloproteinases. Nutrients 2019, 11, 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040799
Palladini G, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Mannucci B, Croce AC, Rizzo V, Perlini S, Vairetti M, et al. Fatty Acid Desaturase Involvement in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Models: Oxidative Stress Versus Metalloproteinases. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4):799. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040799
Chicago/Turabian StylePalladini, Giuseppina, Laura G. Di Pasqua, Clarissa Berardo, Veronica Siciliano, Plinio Richelmi, Barbara Mannucci, Anna Cleta Croce, Vittoria Rizzo, Stefano Perlini, Mariapia Vairetti, and et al. 2019. "Fatty Acid Desaturase Involvement in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Models: Oxidative Stress Versus Metalloproteinases" Nutrients 11, no. 4: 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040799