Nutritional Disorders in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Syndromes or Diseases Involving Neurodysfunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Group—Recognition, Division into Subgroups, Abbreviation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Units and syndromes running with neurodysfunction (Main recognition) | Classification with regard to etiopathogenesis, presence and character encephalopathy | Classification with regard to presence and character encephalopathy | ||||||
N | N% | N | N% | N | N% | |||
NBIA–MPAN, Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation–Mitochondrial Protein Associated Neurodegeneration | 2 | 0.6 | E-MD, encephalopathy in metabolic disorder | 7 | 2.1 | PE, progressive encephalopathy | 8 | 2.4 |
GSD II, Pompe’s disease | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
LCHAD, long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
SLO, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
GLUT1d, glucose transporter 1 deficiency | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
NKH, nonketotic hyperglycinemia | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
SMEI, Dravet’s syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | EE, epileptic encephalopathy | 1 | 0.3 | |||
sasMMC&HCP, state after surgery lumbar myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus | 17 | 5.2 | E-NTDs, encephalopathy in neural tube defects | 24 | 7.3 | NPE, non-progressive encephalopathy | 287 | 87.7 |
sasMMC, state after surgery lumbar myelomeningocele | 3 | 0.9 | ||||||
sasMM, state after surgery parietoocipital meningocele | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
ACM, Arnold–Chiari malformation | 2 | 0.6 | ||||||
HCP, isolated hydrocephalus | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
DS, Down’s syndrome | 11 | 3.4 | E-GD, encephalopathy in genetic disorders | 23 | 7.0 | |||
ES, Edwards syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
PMS, Phelan–McDermid syndrome | 2 | 0.6 | ||||||
MWS, Mowat–Wilson syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
AS, Angelman syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
DGS, Di George syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
46XY,del(X)(q24) | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
CdLS, Cornelia de Lange syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
SDS, Schwachman–Diamond syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
PWS, Prader–Willi syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
46XX,add(2)(q25) | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
46XX,del(12)(q24.21q24.23) | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | TE, toxic encephalopathy | 1 | 0.3 | |||
CP, cerebral palsy | 239 | 73.1 | E-CP encephalopathy in cerebral palsy | 239 | 73.1 | |||
HMSN, hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy | 8 | 2.4 | NMD, neuromuscular disorders | 32 | 9.8 | NMD, neuromuscular disorders | 32 | 9.8 |
LGMD, muscular dystrophy limb-girdle | 7 | 2.1 | ||||||
BMD, Becker’s muscular dystrophy | 3 | 0.9 | ||||||
DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy | 7 | 2.1 | ||||||
TD, Thomsen disease | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
AMC&N arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with neuropathy | 3 | 0.9 | ||||||
CM, congenital myopathy | 1 | 0.3 | ||||||
SMA, spinal muscular atrophy | 2 | 0.6 | ||||||
In total | 327 | 100 | In total | 327 | 100 | In total | 327 | 100 |
Z-Score | N | Me | S | c25 | c75 | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
z-score w | 327 | −0.78 | −1.05 | 1.98 | −1.90 | 0.17 | −10.52 | 8.75 |
z-score BMI | −0.33 | −0.64 | 1.76 | −1.45 | 0.46 | −4.20 | 6.98 |
Malnutrition | z-score BMI < −1.64 | Body mass deficiency in relation to height | z-score BMI < −1 |
Underweight | −1.64 ≥ z-score BMI < −1 | ||
Correct state of nutrition | −1 ≥ z-score BMI ≤ 1 | Normal nutritional status | −1 ≥ z-score BMI ≤ 1 |
Overweight | 1 > z-score BMI ≤ 1.64 | Excess body weight in relation to height | z-score BMI > 1 |
Obesity | z-score BMI > 1.64 |
Five categories of nutritional status | N | N% | Three categories of nutritional status | N | N% |
Malnutrition | 59 | 18 | Body mass deficiency in relation to height | 124 | 37.9 |
Underweight | 65 | 19.9 | |||
Correct state of nutrition | 139 | 42.5 | Normal nutritional status | 139 | 42.5 |
Overweight | 27 | 8.3 | Excess body weight in relation to height | 64 | 19.6 |
Obesity | 37 | 11.3 |
Units and Syndromes Running with Neurodysfunction (Main Recognition) | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.292; Cp = 0.548) | In Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | |||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
NBIA–MPAN | 0 | −0.7 | 1 (50%) | 1.1 | 1 (50%) | 0.2 | 0 | −0.4 | 0 | −0.5 | 2 |
GSD II | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 1 (100%) | 2.8 | 1 |
LCHAD | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
SLO | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
GLUT1d | 1 (100%) | 2.1 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
NKH | 1 (100%) | 2.1 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
SMEI | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
sasMMC&HCP | 2 (11.8%) | −0.7 | 0 | −2.1 | 9 (52.9%) | 0.9 | 2 (11.8%) | 0.5 | 4 (23.5%) | 1.6 | 17 |
sasMMC | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 2 (66.7%) | 0.9 | 1 (33.3%) | 1.6 | 0 | −0.6 | 3 |
sasMM | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
ACM | 1 (50%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.7 | 1 (50%) | 0.2 | 0 | −0.4 | 0 | −0.5 | 2 |
HCP | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 1 (100%) | 2.8 | 1 |
DS | 1 (9.1%) | −0.8 | 3 (27.3%) | 0.6 | 6 (54.5%) | 0.8 | 0 | −1.0 | 1 (9.1%) | −0.2 | 11 |
ES | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
PMS | 0 | −0.7 | 1 (50%) | 1.1 | 0 | −1.2 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 (50%) | 1.7 | 2 |
MWS | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 1 (100%) | 2.8 | 1 |
AS | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 3.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
DGS | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
46.XY.del(X)(q24) | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
CdLS | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
SDS | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
PWS | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
46 XX. add(2)(q25) | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
46XX. del (12) (q24.21q24.23) | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 1 (100%) | 2.8 | 1 |
FAS | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
CP | 48 | 1.6 | 50 (20.9%) | 0.8 | 100 (41.8%) | −0.4 | 20 (8.4%) | 0.1 | 21 (8.8%) | −2.4 | 239 |
HMSN | 0 | −1.3 | 4 (50%) | 2.2 | 2 (25%) | −1.0 | 1 (12.5%) | 0.4 | 1 (12.5%) | 0.1 | 8 |
LGMD | 1 (14.3%) | −0.3 | 0 | −1.3 | 3 (42.9%) | 0.0 | 2 (28.6%) | 2.0 | 1 (14.3%) | −0.3 | 7 |
BMD | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (33.3%) | 0.6 | 2 (66.7%) | 0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.6 | 3 |
DMD | 2 (28.6%) | 0.7 | 1 (14.3%) | −0.4 | 1 (14.3%) | −1.5 | 0 | −0.8 | 3 (42.9%) | 2.7 | 7 |
TD | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 1 (100%) | 2.8 | 1 |
AMC&N | 2 (66.7%) | 2.2 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (33.3%) | −0.3 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.6 | 3 |
CM | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
SMA | 0 | −0.7 | 0 | −0.7 | 2 (100%) | 1.6 | 0 | −0.4 | 0 | −0.5 | 2 |
In total | 59 (18%) | 65 (19.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 27 (8.3%) | 37 (11.3%) | 327 (100%) |
Classification with Regard to Etiopathogenesis, Presence and Character Encephalopathy | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.647; Cp = 0.245) | In Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | |||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
MD | 2 (28.6%) | 0.7 | 1 (14.3%) | −0.4 | 3 (42.9%) | 0.0 | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (14.3%) | 0.3 | 7 |
EE | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
NTDs | 3 (12.5%) | −0.7 | 1 (4.2%) | −2.0 | 12 (50%) | 0.8 | 3 (12.5%) | 0.8 | 5 (20.8%) | 1.5 | 24 |
GD | 1 (4.3%) | −1.8 | 6 (26.1%) | 0.8 | 11 (47.8%) | 0.5 | 1 (4.3%) | −0.7 | 4 (17.4%) | 1.0 | 23 |
TE | 0 | −0.5 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 1 |
CP | 48 (20.1%) | 1.6 | 50 (20.9%) | 0.8 | 100 (41.8%) | −0.4 | 20 (8.4%) | 0.1 | 21 (8.8%) | −2.4 | 239 |
NMD | 5 (15.6%) | −0.4 | 6 (18.8%) | −0.2 | 12 (37.5%) | −0.6 | 3 (9.4%) | 0.2 | 6 (18.8%) | 1.4 | 32 |
In total | 59 (18%) | 65 (19.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 27 (8.3%) | 37 (11.3%) | 327 (100%) |
Units and Syndromes Running with Neurodysfunction (Main Recognition) | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.296; Cp = 0.424) | In Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | |||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
NBIA-MPAN | 1 (50%) | 0.4 | 1 (50%) | 0.2 | 0 | −0.7 | 2 |
GSD II | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
LCHAD | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
SLO | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
GLUT1d | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
NKH | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
SMEI | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
sasMMC&HCP | 2 (11.8%) | −2.3 | 9 (52.9%) | 0.9 | 6 (35.3%) | 1.7 | 17 |
sasMMC | 0 | −1.4 | 2 (66.7%) | 0.9 | 1 (33.3%) | 0.6 | 3 |
sasMM | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
ACM | 1 (50%) | 0.4 | 1 (50%) | 0.2 | 0 | −0.7 | 2 |
HCP | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
DS | 4 (36.4%) | −0.1 | 6 (54.5%) | 0.8 | 1 (9.1%) | −0.9 | 11 |
ES | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
PMS | 1 (50%) | 0.4 | 0 | −1.2 | 1 (50%) | 1.1 | 2 |
MWS | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
AS | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
DGS | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
46.XY.del(X)(q24) | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
CdLS | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
SDS | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
PWS | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
46 XX. add(2)(q25) | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
46XX. del (12) (q24.21q24.23) | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
FAS | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
CP | 98 (41%) | 1.9 | 100 (41.8%) | −0.4 | 41 (17.2%) | −1.8 | 239 |
HMSN | 4 (50%) | 0.7 | 2 (25%) | −1.0 | 2 (25%) | 0.4 | 8 |
LGMD | 1 (14.3%) | −1.3 | 3 (42.9%) | 0.0 | 3 (42.9%) | 1.6 | 7 |
BMD | 1 (33.3%) | −0.2 | 2 (66.7%) | 0.9 | 0 | −0.9 | 3 |
DMD | 3 (42.9%) | 0.3 | 1 (14.3%) | −1.5 | 3 (42.9%) | 1.6 | 7 |
TD | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (100%) | 2.0 | 1 |
AMC&N | 2 (66.7%) | 1.0 | 1 (33.3%) | −0.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 3 |
CM | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
SMA | 0 | −1.1 | 2 (100%) | 1.6 | 0 | −0.7 | 2 |
In total | 124 (37.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 37 (11.3%) | 327 (100%) |
Classification with Regard to Etiopathogenesis, Presence and Character Encephalopathy | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.445; Cp = 0.188) | In Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | |||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
MD | 3 (42.9%) | 0.3 | 3 (42.9%) | 0.0 | 1 (14.3%) | −0.4 | 7 |
EE | 0 | −0.8 | 1 (100%) | 1.2 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
NTDs | 4 (16.7%) | −2.2 | 12 (50%) | 0.8 | 8 (33.3%) | 1.8 | 24 |
GD | 7 (30.4%) | −0.8 | 11 (47.8%) | 0.5 | 5 (21.7%) | 0.3 | 23 |
TE | 1 (100%) | 1.3 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 1 |
CP | 98 (41%) | 1.9 | 100 (41.8%) | −0.4 | 41 (17.2%) | −1.8 | 239 |
NMD | 11 (34.4%) | −0.4 | 12 (37.5%) | −0.6 | 9 (28.1%) | 1.3 | 32 |
In total | 124 (37.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 64 (19.6%) | 327 (100%) |
Classification with Regard to Presence and Character Encephalopathy | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.101; Cp = 0.910) | In Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | |||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
PE | 2 (2%) | 0.5 | 1 (12.5%) | −0.5 | 4 (50%) | 0.4 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 (12.5%) | 0.1 | 8 |
NPE | 52 (18.1%) | 0.1 | 58 (20.2%) | 0.4 | 123 (42.9%) | 0.3 | 24 (8.4%) | 0.2 | 30 (10.5%) | −1.3 | 287 |
NMD | 5 (15.6%) | −0.4 | 6 (18.8%) | −0.2 | 12 (37.5%) | −0.6 | 3 (9.4%) | 0.2 | 6 (18.8%) | 1.4 | 32 |
In total | 59 (18%) | 65 (19.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 27 (8.3%) | 37 (11.3%) | 327 (100%) |
Classification with Regard to Presence and Character Encephalopathy | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.753; Cp = 0.076) | In Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | |||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
PE | 3 (37.5%) | 0.0 | 4 (50%) | 0.4 | 1 (12.5%) | −0.5 | 8 |
NPE | 110 (38.3%) | 0.4 | 123 (42.9%) | 0.3 | 54 (18.8%) | 0.3 | 287 |
NMD | 11 (34.4%) | −0.4 | 12 (37.5%) | −0.6 | 9 (28.1%) | 1.3 | 32 |
In total | 124 (37.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 64 (19.6%) | 327 (100%) |
Types of CP | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.874; Cp = 0.125) | In Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | |||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Spastic type | 45 (20.2%) | 0.1 | 46 (20.6%) | −0.4 | 93 (41.7%) | −0.2 | 20 (9%) | 1.3 | 19 (8.5%) | −0.5 | 223 |
Atactic type | 0 | −1.0 | 1 (25%) | 0.2 | 2 (50%) | 0.3 | 0 | −0.6 | 1 (25%) | 1.2 | 4 |
Mixed type | 3 (25%) | 0.4 | 3 (25%) | 0.4 | 5 (41.7%) | 0.0 | 0 | −1.1 | 1 (8.3%) | −0.1 | 12 |
In total | 48 (20.1%) | 50 (20.9%) | 100 (41.8%) | 20 (8.4%) | 21 (8.8%) | 327 (100%) |
Types of CP | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.869; Cp = 0.072) | In Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | |||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Spastic type | 91 (40.8%) | −0.2 | 93 (41.7%) | −0.2 | 39 (17.5%) | 0.5 | 223 |
Atactic type | 1 (25%) | −0.7 | 2 (50%) | 0.3 | 1 (25%) | 0.4 | 4 |
Mixed type | 6 (50%) | 0.7 | 5 (41.7%) | 0.0 | 1 (8.3%) | −0.8 | 12 |
In total | 98 (41%) | 100 (41.8%) | 41 (17.2%) | 239 (100%) |
Type of Spasticity | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.029; Cp = 0.267) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | In Total | ||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Diplegia | 10 (11.1%) | −2.8 | 18 (20%) | −0.2 | 46 (51.1%) | 2.3 | 8 (8.9%) | 0.0 | 8 (8.9%) | 0.2 | 57 |
Hemiplegia | 9 (15.8%) | −1.0 | 13 (22.8%) | 0.5 | 22 (38.6%) | 0.5 | 7 (12.3%) | 1.0 | 6 (10.5%) | 0.6 | 90 |
Tetraplegia | 26 (34.2%) | 3.8 | 15 (19.7%) | −0.2 | 25 (32.9%) | −1.9 | 5 (6.6%) | −0.9 | 5 (6.6%) | −0.7 | 76 |
In total | 45 (20.2%) | 46 (20.6%) | 93 (41.7%) | 20 (9.0%) | 19 (8.5%) | 223 (100%) |
Type of Spasticity | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.032; Cp = 0.213) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | In Total | ||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Diplegia | 28 (31.1%) | −2.4 | 46 (51.1%) | 2.3 | 16 (17.8%) | 0.1 | 90 |
Hemiplegia | 22 (38.6%) | −0.4 | 22 (38.6%) | 0.5 | 13 (22.8%) | 1.2 | 57 |
Tetraplegia | 41 (53.9%) | 2.9 | 25 (32.9%) | −1.9 | 10 (13.2%) | −1.2 | 76 |
In total | 91 (40.8%) | 93 (41.7%) | 39 (17.5%) | 233 (100%) |
Hypothyroidism | Five Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.011; Cp = 0.196)) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnutrition | Underweight | Correct State | Overweight | Obesity | In Total | ||||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Present | 7 (50%) | 3.2 | 4 (28.6%) | 0.8 | 2 (14.3%) | −2.2 | 0 (0%) | −1.1 | 1 (7.1%) | −0.5 | 14 |
Lack | 52 (16.6%) | −3.2 | 61 (19.5%) | −0.8 | 137 (43.8%) | 2.2 | 27 (8.6%) | 1.1 | 36 (11.5%) | 0.5 | 313 |
In total | 59 (18.0%) | 65 (19.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 27 (8.3%) | 37 (11.3%) | 327 (100%) |
Hypothyroidism | Three Categories of Nutritional Status Classified Based on the Z-Score BMI (p = 0.006; Cp = 0.174) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Deficiency | Correct State | Excess Body Weight | In Total | ||||
N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N (N%) | ASR | N | |
Present | 8 (57.1%) | 3.2 | 6 (42.9%) | −2.2 | 1 (7.1%) | −1.2 | 14 |
Lack | 113 (36.1%) | −3.2 | 137 (43.8%) | 2.2 | 63 (20.1%) | 1.2 | 313 |
In total | 124 (37.9%) | 139 (42.5%) | 64 (19.6%) | 327 (100.0%) |
(A) Relationship between type of spasticity and z-score w, z-score BMI | ||||
Nominal Regression | Quantitative Dependent Z-Score w | Quantitative Dependent Z-Score BMI | ||
Qualitative dependent Type of spasticity | Tetraplegia (34.1%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | p |
0.611 0.491–0.761 | 0.693 0.564–0.851 | OR | ||
Others: diplegia, hemiplegia (65.9%) | Reference group | |||
(B) Relationship between hypothyroidism and z-score w, z-score BMI | ||||
Nominal Regression | Quantitative Dependent Z-Score w | Quantitative Dependent Z-Score BMI | ||
Qualitative dependent Accompanying recognition | Present of hypothyroidism (4.3%) | 0.001 | 0.002 | p |
0.615 0.458–0.825 | 0.526 0.348–0.795 | OR | ||
Lack of hypothyroidism (95.7%) | Reference group |
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Podgórska-Bednarz, J.; Perenc, L.; Drużbicki, M.; Guzik, A. Nutritional Disorders in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Syndromes or Diseases Involving Neurodysfunction. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061786
Podgórska-Bednarz J, Perenc L, Drużbicki M, Guzik A. Nutritional Disorders in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Syndromes or Diseases Involving Neurodysfunction. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061786
Chicago/Turabian StylePodgórska-Bednarz, Justyna, Lidia Perenc, Mariusz Drużbicki, and Agnieszka Guzik. 2021. "Nutritional Disorders in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Syndromes or Diseases Involving Neurodysfunction" Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061786