The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Reagents and Equipment
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Assessment of Physical Signs
2.5. Open Field Test (OFT)
2.6. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) Experiment
2.7. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
2.8. Hot Plate Test (HPT)
2.9. New Object Recognition Experiment (NOR)
2.10. Determination of Dopamine Content
2.11. Statistical and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physical Signs and Behavior in OFT
3.2. Anxiety Behavior in EPM and Depressive Behavior during FST
3.3. Pain Latency in HPT
3.4. Cognitive Behavior in NOR
3.5. Dopamine Levels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, Z.; Lu, N.; Li, X.; Liu, Q.; Li, Y.; Li, X.; Yu, X.; Zhao, H.; Liu, C.; Tang, X.; et al. The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183048
Chen Z, Lu N, Li X, Liu Q, Li Y, Li X, Yu X, Zhao H, Liu C, Tang X, et al. The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice. Nutrients. 2024; 16(18):3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183048
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Zhe, Naiyan Lu, Xu Li, Qingrun Liu, Yujie Li, Xiyue Li, Ximiao Yu, Haotian Zhao, Chang Liu, Xue Tang, and et al. 2024. "The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice" Nutrients 16, no. 18: 3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183048