Nutrients

11 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Overview of Nutritional Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

by Ramit Magen-Rimon, Andrew S. Day and Ron Shaoul

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3055; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183055 - 10 Sep 2024

Food is an important environmental factor in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, there is significant focus on the role that dietary approaches might have in the management of these diseases. The introduction of exclusive [...] Read more.

Food is an important environmental factor in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, there is significant focus on the role that dietary approaches might have in the management of these diseases. The introduction of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as a treatment option for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease was a breakthrough in disease pathophysiology understanding and has paved the way for dietary options based on this understanding. This review aims to summarize the current data on the effect of different available diets on disease symptoms and the inflammatory process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrition in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases)

20 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effectiveness of DASH Diet versus Other Diet Modalities in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Vicente Silva Bravo, Laura Moyano Valarezo, María Fernanda Delgado Retamal, Josefa Matta Leiva, Alejandro Bruna-Mejías, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro and Hector Gutierrez-Espinoza

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183054 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome refers to the coexistence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are interrelated and share underlying mediators, mechanisms, and pathways. Improvement in dietary habits has been shown to improve metabolic parameters [...] Read more.

Background: Metabolic syndrome refers to the coexistence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are interrelated and share underlying mediators, mechanisms, and pathways. Improvement in dietary habits has been shown to improve metabolic parameters in patients undergoing treatment with different diets. Methods: A systematic search in different databases was realized using the keywords “Metabolic syndrome”, “X syndrome”, “Dash dietary” and “Dash diet”. Finally, six studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: All articles comparing the DASH diet vs. other diet modalities reported significant differences in favor of the DASH diet on Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −8.06, confidence interval [CI] = −9.89 to −7.32, and p < 0.00001), Diastolic blood pressure (SMD = −6.38, CI = −7.62 to −5.14, and p < 0.00001), Cholesterol HDL (SMD = 0.70, CI = 0.53 to 0.88, and p < 0.00001) and Cholesterol LDL (SMD = −1.29, CI = −1.73 to −0.85, and p < 0.00001) scales. Conclusions: The DASH diet has been shown to be beneficial in altered parameters in patients with MS, and the resulting improvements can significantly affect the daily health of these patients. We therefore recommend that professionals who manage these pathologies promote the use of the DASH diet for the management of specific symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)

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18 pages, 2439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resistance Training and Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults with Sarcopenia after Acute Disease: A Feasibility Study

by Delky Meza-Valderrama, Dolores Sánchez-Rodríguez, Yulibeth Curbelo Peña, Cindry Ramírez-Fuentes, Elena Muñoz-Redondo, Andrea Morgado-Pérez, Norma Ortíz-Agurto, Paola Finis-Gallardo and Ester Marco

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3053; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183053 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Resistance exercise and protein supplementation are recognized as effective treatment strategies for age-related sarcopenia; however, there are limited data on their feasibility, tolerability, and safety. The primary outcome of this study was feasibility, evaluated through the 15-item TELOS (Technological, Economics, Legal, Operational, and [...] Read more.

Resistance exercise and protein supplementation are recognized as effective treatment strategies for age-related sarcopenia; however, there are limited data on their feasibility, tolerability, and safety. The primary outcome of this study was feasibility, evaluated through the 15-item TELOS (Technological, Economics, Legal, Operational, and Scheduling) feasibility components and by recruitment, retention, and consent rates. Tolerability was measured by examining permanent treatment discontinuation, treatment interruption, exercise dose modification, early termination, rescheduling of missed sessions, losses to follow-up, attendance, and nutritional compliance. Safety was evaluated using the parameters provided by the European Medicines Agency, adapted for exercise interventions. Thirty-two subjects were recruited (average age 81.6 [SD 9.3] years). The TELOS components were assessed before the intervention; out of 15 questions relevant for successful implementation, 4 operational needs answers required specific actions to prevent potential barriers. The recruitment rate was 74%. Eleven patients (34.4%) had permanent treatment interruption (retention rate = 65.6%). Patients attended a mean of 23 (SD 12.0) exercise sessions, with a mean of 56 (SD 32.6) nutritional compliances. A total of 21 patients (65.6%) experienced adverse events unrelated to the intervention, while 7 patients (21.9%) presented adverse reactions to strength exercise. The main barriers to feasibility were operational components and recruitment challenges. Although the intervention was generally safe, the high rate of probable adverse effects, unrelated to the intervention but associated with the individual’s baseline health condition, may affect adherence to treatment programs of this kind. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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12 pages, 477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Blood Pressure Levels in Mexican Adults

by Paola Villaverde, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Anna D. Argoty-Pantoja, Rafael Velázquez Cruz and Jorge Salmerón

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3052; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183052 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: The relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and blood pressure has been evaluated in European and American populations. This association remains unexplored in Mexico, where outcomes may differ due to the populace’s ancestral heritage and its diverse dietary habits. Methods: We used [...] Read more.

Background: The relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and blood pressure has been evaluated in European and American populations. This association remains unexplored in Mexico, where outcomes may differ due to the populace’s ancestral heritage and its diverse dietary habits. Methods: We used the Health Workers Cohort Study (2004 to 2018). DII intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured following standardized procedures and techniques. Fixed-effects linear regression and Cox regression models were utilized as the statistical approaches. Results: In the first approach, we observed a positive association between changes in DII intake and changes in both systolic (SBP β: 3.23, 95% CI 1.11, 5.34) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP β: 1.01, 95% CI −0.43, 2.44). When stratified by hypertension, these associations were magnified in participants with hypertension (SBP β: 6.26, 95% CI 2.63, 9.89; DBP β: 1.64, 95% CI −0.73, 4.02). In the second approach, interactions between sex and age categories were explored. Participants in the highest DII category were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, particularly among young women (HR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.19, 8.43). Conclusions: Results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increase in blood pressure over time among Mexican population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)

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14 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fish Consumption and DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy: Study of Gestational and Neonatal Outcomes

by Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Rossella Cianci, Francesca Dominici, Ilenia Mappa, Giuseppe Rizzo, Gemma Lou De Santis, Giulia Bigioni and Laura Di Renzo

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3051; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183051 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Several studies have explored the association between fish consumption during pregnancy and favorable neonatal outcomes, although some yield conflicting results. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends two to three servings of low-mercury fish per week for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However, [...] Read more.

Several studies have explored the association between fish consumption during pregnancy and favorable neonatal outcomes, although some yield conflicting results. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends two to three servings of low-mercury fish per week for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However, fish can be a source of pollutants, like methylmercury, impacting neurological development. Conflicting studies on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation exist in the literature, possibly due to varied supplement dosages. This survey, involving 501 women, investigated fish consumption and DHA supplement intake concerning gestational and neonatal outcomes. Notably, 92.1% of participants consumed fish weekly, with significant differences observed in gestational weight gain, birth weight, and length for those eating fish ≥3 times weekly compared to non-consumers. This study supports the recommendation for pregnant women to include fish in their diet while limiting exposure to environmental pollutants. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements are suggested to attain nutritional benefits without mercury risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development)

17 pages, 2822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Rutin–Whey Protein Pickering Emulsion and Its Effect on Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Movement Ability

by Yiting Zhang, Wenyun Xiong, Yijing Ren, Jian Huang, Xiaoying Wang, Ou Wang and Shengbao Cai

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3050; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183050 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Nutritional supplementation enriched with protein and antioxidants has been demonstrated to effectively strengthen skeletal muscle function and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Dietary protein has also been a common carrier to establish bioactive delivery system. Therefore, in this study, a Pickering emulsion delivery [...] Read more.

Nutritional supplementation enriched with protein and antioxidants has been demonstrated to effectively strengthen skeletal muscle function and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Dietary protein has also been a common carrier to establish bioactive delivery system. Therefore, in this study, a Pickering emulsion delivery system for rutin was constructed with whey protein, and its structural characteristics, bioaccessibility, and molecular interactions were investigated. In the in vivo study, zebrafish (n = 10 in each group), which have a high genetic homology to humans, were treated with dexamethasone to induce sarcopenia symptoms and were administered with rutin, whey protein and the Pickering emulsion, respectively, for muscle movement ability evaluation, and zebrafish treated with or without dexamethasone was used as the model and the control groups, respectively. Results showed that the Pickering emulsion was homogeneous in particle size with a rutin encapsulation rate of 71.16 ± 0.15% and loading efficiency of 44.48 ± 0.11%. Rutin in the Pickering emulsion exhibited a significantly higher bioaccessibility than the free form. The interaction forces between rutin and the two components of whey proteins (α-LA and β-LG) were mainly van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. After treatment for 96 h, the zebrafish in Picking emulsion groups showed a significantly increased high-speed movement time and frequency, an increased level of ATP, prolonged peripheral motor nerve length, and normalized muscular histological structure compared with those of the model group (p < 0.05). The results of this study developed a new strategy for rutin utilization and provide scientific evidence for sarcopenia prevention with a food-derived resource. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Nutrition)

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19 pages, 3535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutraceutical Capsules LL1 and Silymarin Supplementation Act on Mood and Sleep Quality Perception by Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: A Pilot Clinical Study

by Aline Boveto Santamarina, Victor Nehmi Filho, Jéssica Alves de Freitas, Lucas Augusto Moysés Franco, Joyce Vanessa Fonseca, Roberta Cristina Martins, José Antônio Orellana Turri, Bruna Fernanda Rio Branco da Silva, Arianne Fagotti Gusmão, Eloísa Helena Ribeiro Olivieri, José Pinhata Otoch and Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3049; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183049 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Stress, unhealthy lifestyle, and sleep disturbance worsen cognitive function in mood disorders, prompting a rise in the development of integrative health approaches. The recent investigations in the gut–brain axis field highlight the strong interplay among microbiota, inflammation, and mental health. Thus, this study [...] Read more.

Stress, unhealthy lifestyle, and sleep disturbance worsen cognitive function in mood disorders, prompting a rise in the development of integrative health approaches. The recent investigations in the gut–brain axis field highlight the strong interplay among microbiota, inflammation, and mental health. Thus, this study aimed to investigate a new nutraceutical formulation comprising prebiotics, minerals, and silymarin’s impact on microbiota, inflammation, mood, and sleep quality. The study evaluated the LL1 + silymarin capsule supplementation over 180 days in overweight adults. We analyzed the fecal gut microbiota using partial 16S rRNA sequences, measured cytokine expression via CBA, collected anthropometric data, quality of life, and sleep questionnaire responses, and obtained plasma samples for metabolic and hormonal analysis at baseline (T0) and 180 days (T180) post-supplementation. Our findings revealed significant reshaping in gut microbiota composition at the phylum, genus, and species levels, especially in the butyrate-producer bacteria post-supplementation. These changes in gut microbiota were linked to enhancements in sleep quality, mood perception, cytokine expression, and anthropometric measures which microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids might enhance. The supplementation tested in this study seems to be able to improve microbiota composition, reflecting anthropometrics and inflammation, as well as sleep quality and mood improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products and Health: 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 2487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice

by Zhe Chen, Naiyan Lu, Xu Li, Qingrun Liu, Yujie Li, Xiyue Li, Ximiao Yu, Haotian Zhao, Chang Liu, Xue Tang, Xun Wang and Weisun Huang

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3048; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183048 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Nicotine dependence is an important cause of excessive exposure to tobacco combustion compounds in most smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy is the main method to treat nicotine dependence, but it still has its shortcomings, such as the inability to mitigate withdrawal effects and limited [...] Read more.

Nicotine dependence is an important cause of excessive exposure to tobacco combustion compounds in most smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy is the main method to treat nicotine dependence, but it still has its shortcomings, such as the inability to mitigate withdrawal effects and limited applicability. It has been hypothesized that a combination of low-dose nicotine and caffeine could achieve the same psychological stimulation effect as a high dose of nicotine without causing nicotine withdrawal effects. To establish a model of nicotine dependence, male C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected four times a day with nicotine (2 mg/kg) for 15 days and fed with water containing nicotine at the same time. They were randomly divided into four groups. After 24 h of withdrawal, different groups were injected with saline, nicotine (0.25 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg), or nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) and caffeine (20 mg/kg). Behavioral and physiological changes were evaluated by an assessment of physical signs, open field tests, elevated plus maze experiments, forced swimming tests, hot plate tests, and new-object-recognition tests. The changes in dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the midbrain were analyzed using ELISA. The results showed that a combination of caffeine and nicotine could effectively relieve nicotine withdrawal syndrome, increase movement ability and pain thresholds, reduce anxiety and depression, enhance memory and cognitive ability, and increase the level of dopamine release in the PFC and VTA. Thus, caffeine combined with nicotine has potential as a stable and effective treatment option to help humans with smoking cessation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)

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20 pages, 7213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synergistic Enhancement of 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Taurine in Colon Cancer Rat Model

by Daniela Hartmann Jornada, Diogo Boreski, Diego Eidy Chiba, Denise Ligeiro, Marcus Alexandre Mendes Luz, Edmo Atique Gabriel, Cauê Benito Scarim, Cleverton Roberto de Andrade and Chung Man Chin

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3047; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183047 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top 10 most common cancers worldwide and caused approximately 10 million deaths in 2022. CRC mortality has increased by 10% since 2020 and 52.000 deaths will occur in 2024, highlighting the limitations of current treatments due [...] Read more.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top 10 most common cancers worldwide and caused approximately 10 million deaths in 2022. CRC mortality has increased by 10% since 2020 and 52.000 deaths will occur in 2024, highlighting the limitations of current treatments due to ineffectiveness, toxicity, or non-adherence. The widely used chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is associated with several adverse effects, including renal, cardiac, and hepatic toxicity; mucositis; and resistance. Taurine (TAU), an essential β-amino acid with potent antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, has demonstrated protective effects against tissue toxicity from chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin and cisplatin. Taurine deficiency is linked to aging and cancers such as breast and colon cancer. This study hypothesized that TAU may mitigate the adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Carcinogenesis was chemically induced in rats using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Following five months of cancer progression, taurine (100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 8 days, and colon tissues were analyzed. The results showed 80% of adenocarcinoma (AC) in DMH-induced control animals. Notably, the efficacy of 5-FU showed 70% AC and TAU 50% while, in the 5-FU + TAU group, no adenocarcinoma was observed. No differences were observed in the inflammatory infiltrate or the expression of genes such as K-ras, p53, and Ki-67 among the cancer-induced groups whereas APC/β-catenin expression was increased in the 5FU + TAU-treated group. The mitotic index and dysplasia were increased in the induced 5-FU group and when associated with TAU, the levels returned to normal. These data suggest that 5-FU exhibits a synergic anticancer effect when combined with taurine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Proteins and Amino Acids)

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12 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Parenteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by David Berlana, Raquel Albertos, Raquel Barquin, Alba Pau-Parra, Monica Díez-Poch, Rocío López-Martínez, Cristina Cea, Sergi Cantenys-Molina and Roser Ferrer-Costa

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3046; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183046 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

The heightened inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients suggests that omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) may confer anti-inflammatory benefits. This randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of O3FA supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN) on inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted [...] Read more.

The heightened inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients suggests that omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) may confer anti-inflammatory benefits. This randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of O3FA supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN) on inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 69 patients were randomized into three groups: one received standard lipid emulsion, and two received O3FA (Omegaven^®) at doses of 0.1 g/kg/day and 0.2 g/kg/day, respectively, in addition to Smoflipid^®. The primary outcomes measured were serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on days 1, 5, and 10 of PN initiation. Secondary outcomes included additional inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra, CXCL10), hepatic function, triglyceride levels, and clinical outcomes such as mortality and length of ICU and hospital stay. Results indicated a significant reduction in CRP, IL-6, and CXCL10 levels in the group receiving 0.1 g/kg/day O3FA compared to the control. Additionally, the higher O3FA dose was associated with a shorter ICU and hospital stay. These findings suggest that O3FA supplementation in PN may reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammation and Nutritional Therapy)

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13 pages, 289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy

by Triantafyllos Didangelos, Eleni Karlafti, Evangelia Kotzakioulafi, Parthena Giannoulaki, Zisis Kontoninas, Anastasia Kontana, Polykarpos Evripidou, Christos Savopoulos, Andreas L. Birkenfeld and Konstantinos Kantartzis

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3045; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183045 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, 300 mg), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD, 70 UI), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA, 300 mg), vitamins B6 (1.5 mg), B1 (1.1 mg), B12 (2.5 mcg), E (7.5 mg), nicotinamide (9 mg), and minerals (Mg 30 mg, Zn [...] Read more.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, 300 mg), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD, 70 UI), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA, 300 mg), vitamins B6 (1.5 mg), B1 (1.1 mg), B12 (2.5 mcg), E (7.5 mg), nicotinamide (9 mg), and minerals (Mg 30 mg, Zn 2.5 mg) in one tablet in people with Diabetic Neuropathy (DN). Patients–methods: In the present pilot study, 73 people (age 63.0 ± 9.9 years, 37 women) with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) (duration 17.5 ± 7.3 years) and DN were randomly assigned to receive either the combination of ten elements (2 tablets/24 h) in the active group (n = 36) or the placebo (n = 37) for 6 months. We used the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE), measured vibration perception threshold (VPT) with biothesiometer, and Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Tests (CARTs). Nerve function was assessed by DPN Check [sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and amplitude (SNAP)]. Sudomotor function was assessed with SUDOSCAN, which measures electrochemical skin conductance in hands and feet (ESCH and ESCF). Pain score (PS) was assessed with Pain DETECT questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed by questionnaire. Results: In the active group, there was a large improvement of pain (PS from 20.9 to 13.9, p < 0.001). There was also a significant improvement of vitamin B12 (B12) levels, MNSIQ, SNCV, VPT, and ESCF (222.1 vs. 576.3 pg/ mL, p < 0.001; 6.1 vs. 5.9, p = 0.017; 28.8 vs. 30.4, p = 0.001; 32.1 vs. 26.7, p = 0.001; and 72.2 vs. 74.8, p < 0.001 respectively). In the placebo group, neither pain (21.6 vs. 21.7, p = 0.870) or any other aforementioned parameters changed significantly, and MNSIE worsened (2.9 vs. 3.4, p < 0.001). As a result, changes from baseline to follow-up in pain, B12 levels, VPT, and MNSIQ differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001, 0.025, 0.009, and <0.001, respectively). CARTs, SNAP, ESCH did not significantly change in either of the two groups. Conclusions: The combination of the ten elements in one tablet for 6 months at a daily dose of two tablets in people with DN significantly improves pain, vibration perception threshold, and B12 levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)

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Nutrients, Volume 16, Issue 18 (September-2 2024) – 11 articles

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