Nutrients and the Pancreas: An Epigenetic Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Evidence Linking Dietary Intake to the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer
3.1. Folate
3.2. Vegetables/Fruit
3.3. Red/Processed Meat
3.4. Saturated Fatty Acids
4. Epigenetic Modifications Related to Dietary Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk
4.1. DNA Methylation
4.2. Histone Modification
4.3. miRNA
4.4. Long Non-Coding RNA
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nutrient/By-Product | Epigenetic Relation | Link to Cancer |
---|---|---|
Folate | Donation of methyl groups | Reduced DNA methylation, increased DNA breaks, altered expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes |
Diallyl disulfide | Inhibit histone deacetylase (HDACs) enzymes | Inhibit cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis |
Sulforaphone | Inhibit histone deacetylase (HDACs) enzymes | Inhibit cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis |
Vitamin C | Prevents oxidative damage to DNA and polyunsaturated fatty acids, formation or carcinogenic substances (N-nitrosation) | Anticarcinogenic properties |
N-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) advanced glycation end products | Mechanism unknown | Mutagenic compounds produced during cooking or preservation process |
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) | Mechanism unknown | Mutagenic |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHA) | Mechanism unknown | Mutagenic |
Saturated fatty acids | Modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), method by which fatty acids accelerate tumor growth is mediated by gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) and its interaction with its receptor | HIF-1 encodes for proteins including glucose transporters and growth factors, CCK and its receptor are important in tumor progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer |
Phytochemicals | Inhibits the initiation of chemical carcinogenesis | Anticarcinogenic properties |
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Weisbeck, A.; Jansen, R.J. Nutrients and the Pancreas: An Epigenetic Perspective. Nutrients 2017, 9, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030283
Weisbeck A, Jansen RJ. Nutrients and the Pancreas: An Epigenetic Perspective. Nutrients. 2017; 9(3):283. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030283
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeisbeck, Andee, and Rick J. Jansen. 2017. "Nutrients and the Pancreas: An Epigenetic Perspective" Nutrients 9, no. 3: 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030283