Figure 1.
Effect of aW and temperature on growth rate (line) and biomass production (column) of Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the results at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 1.
Effect of aW and temperature on growth rate (line) and biomass production (column) of Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the results at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 2.
Fusaric acid (grid) and moniliformin (oblique line) levels produced by Fusarium andiyazi strain A1 (A–C) and A2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 2.
Fusaric acid (grid) and moniliformin (oblique line) levels produced by Fusarium andiyazi strain A1 (A–C) and A2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 3.
Fusaric acid (grid), fumonisin B1 (black dot) and moniliformin (oblique line) levels produced by Fusarium fujikuroi strain F1 (A–C) and F2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 3.
Fusaric acid (grid), fumonisin B1 (black dot) and moniliformin (oblique line) levels produced by Fusarium fujikuroi strain F1 (A–C) and F2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 4.
Fusaric acid (grid) and fumonisin B1 (black dot) levels produced by Fusarium proliferatum strain P1 (A–C) and P2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 4.
Fusaric acid (grid) and fumonisin B1 (black dot) levels produced by Fusarium proliferatum strain P1 (A–C) and P2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 5.
Fusaric acid levels produced by Fusarium subglutinans strain S1 (A–C) and S2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 5.
Fusaric acid levels produced by Fusarium subglutinans strain S1 (A–C) and S2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 6.
Fusaric acid levels produced by Fusarium temperatum strain T1 (A–C) and T2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 6.
Fusaric acid levels produced by Fusarium temperatum strain T1 (A–C) and T2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 7.
Fumonisin B1 levels produced by Fusarium verticillioides strain V1 (A–C) and V2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 7.
Fumonisin B1 levels produced by Fusarium verticillioides strain V1 (A–C) and V2 (D–F) growing on PDA adjusted to different water activity, temperature, and incubation time: 7 days (A,D), 14 days (B,E), and 21 days (C,F). Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 8.
The heatmap of the pairwise Pearson’s correlation between variables of Fusarium strains incubated for 7 days on PDA plate. The strains included Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334). FUM1 and FUM21 coded the polyketide synthase and Zn(II)2Cys6DNA-binding transcription factor in fumonisin synthetic cluster, respectively. FUB8 and FUB12 code the non-ribosmal peptide synthetase-like carboxylic acid reductase and Zn(II)2Cys6DNA-binding transcription factor in the fusaric acid synthetic cluster, respectively. FB1 and FA denote fumonisin B1 and fusaric acid, respectively. * p < 0.05.
Figure 8.
The heatmap of the pairwise Pearson’s correlation between variables of Fusarium strains incubated for 7 days on PDA plate. The strains included Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334). FUM1 and FUM21 coded the polyketide synthase and Zn(II)2Cys6DNA-binding transcription factor in fumonisin synthetic cluster, respectively. FUB8 and FUB12 code the non-ribosmal peptide synthetase-like carboxylic acid reductase and Zn(II)2Cys6DNA-binding transcription factor in the fusaric acid synthetic cluster, respectively. FB1 and FA denote fumonisin B1 and fusaric acid, respectively. * p < 0.05.
Figure 9.
Relative expression of FUM1 (line) and FUM21 (column) of Fusarium fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains incubated for 7 days under various conditions. The measured quantity of cDNA was normalized using the Cq values obtained for Act cDNA amplifications. The values represent the expression level of the target gene in the different culture conditions relative to the control culture (25 °C, aW = 1). The data represent the means of three independent repetitions. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the results at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 9.
Relative expression of FUM1 (line) and FUM21 (column) of Fusarium fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains incubated for 7 days under various conditions. The measured quantity of cDNA was normalized using the Cq values obtained for Act cDNA amplifications. The values represent the expression level of the target gene in the different culture conditions relative to the control culture (25 °C, aW = 1). The data represent the means of three independent repetitions. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the results at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates.
Figure 10.
Relative expression of FUB8 (line) and FUB12 (column) of Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains incubated for 7 days under various conditions. The measured quantity of cDNA was normalized using the Cq values obtained for Act cDNA amplifications. The values represent the expression level of the target gene in the different culture conditions relative to the control culture (25 °C, aW = 1). The data represent the means of three independent repetitions. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the result at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively.
Figure 10.
Relative expression of FUB8 (line) and FUB12 (column) of Fusarium andiyazi (A1: C19239; A2: C20180), F. fujikuroi (F1: C19232; F2: C20076), F. proliferatum (P1: C19215; P2: C20281), F. subglutinans (S1: C19068; S2: C20215), F. temperatum (T1: C20277; T2: C20278), and F. verticillioides (V1: C19216; V2: C20334) strains incubated for 7 days under various conditions. The measured quantity of cDNA was normalized using the Cq values obtained for Act cDNA amplifications. The values represent the expression level of the target gene in the different culture conditions relative to the control culture (25 °C, aW = 1). The data represent the means of three independent repetitions. Error bars represent the standard error measured between independent replicates. The first, middle, and last three points and columns represent the result at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The columns filled with grids, oblique lines, and squares represent the results under 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99 aw, respectively.
![Toxins 15 00260 g010]()
Table 1.
Analysis of variance on the effects of different strains (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), and their interactions on growth rate of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Table 1.
Analysis of variance on the effects of different strains (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), and their interactions on growth rate of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Source of Variation | F. andiyazi | F. fujikuroi | F. proliferatum | F. subglutinans | F. temperatum | F. verticillioides |
---|
df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS |
---|
S | 1 | 84.487 * | 1.327 | 1 | 1.002 | 0.025 | 1 | 0.579 | 0.009 | 1 | 0.019 | 0.001 | 1 | 6.564 * | 0.415 | 1 | 61.880 * | 1.015 |
aw | 2 | 3584.760 * | 56.315 | 2 | 2369.382 * | 58.365 | 2 | 2485.337 * | 37.368 | 2 | 4643.667 * | 95.257 | 2 | 1333.440 * | 84.275 | 2 | 4064.686 * | 66.647 |
T | 2 | 1144.040 * | 17.972 | 2 | 606.962 * | 14.951 | 2 | 695.150 * | 10.452 | 2 | 407.928 * | 8.368 | 2 | 129.193 * | 8.165 | 2 | 1224.686 * | 20.081 |
S × aw | 2 | 92.893 | 1.459 | 2 | 2.228 | 0.055 | 2 | 1.751 | 0.026 | 2 | 28.363 * | 0.582 | 2 | 1.793 | 0.113 | 2 | 14.637 * | 0.240 |
S × T | 2 | 8.156 * | 0.128 | 2 | 11.987 * | 0.295 | 2 | 10.279 * | 0.155 | 2 | 0.175 | 0.004 | 2 | 0.482 | 0.030 | 2 | 10.490 * | 0.172 |
aw × T | 4 | 39.299 * | 0.617 | 4 | 26.796 * | 0.660 | 4 | 12.725 * | 0.191 | 4 | 23.990 * | 0.492 | 4 | 13.069 * | 0.826 | 4 | 41.187 * | 0.675 |
S × aw × T | 4 | 14.184 * | 0.223 | 4 | 1.170 | 0.029 | 4 | 1.191 | 0.018 | 4 | 1.454 | 0.030 | 4 | 1.514 | 0.096 | 4 | 5.030 * | 0.082 |
Table 2.
Analysis of variance on the effects of different strains (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), and their interactions on biomass accumulation of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Table 2.
Analysis of variance on the effects of different strains (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), and their interactions on biomass accumulation of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Source of Variation | F. andiyazi | F. fujikuroi | F. proliferatum | F. subglutinans | F. temperatum | F. verticillioides |
---|
df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS |
---|
S | 1 | 177.033 * | 0.003 | 1 | 0.392 | 0.001 | 1 | 72.807 * | 0.003 | 1 | 6.794 * | 0.001 | 1 | 14.267 * | 0.001 | 1 | 0.526 | 0.001 |
aw | 2 | 211.398 * | 0.004 | 2 | 30.937 * | 0.001 | 2 | 139.288 * | 0.005 | 2 | 52.366 * | 0.001 | 2 | 75.640 * | 0.004 | 2 | 129.654 * | 0.008 |
T | 2 | 271.129 * | 0.005 | 2 | 16.586 * | 0.001 | 2 | 333.793 * | 0.013 | 2 | 323.153 * | 0.002 | 2 | 44.037 * | 0.002 | 2 | 50.965 * | 0.003 |
S × aw | 2 | 35.106 * | 0.001 | 2 | 4.338 * | 0.001 | 2 | 0.883 | 0.001 | 2 | 3.964 * | 0.001 | 2 | 2.208 | 0.001 | 2 | 1.827 | 0.001 |
S × T | 2 | 16.171 * | 0.001 | 2 | 2.794 | 0.001 | 2 | 10.701 * | 0.000 | 2 | 10.620 * | 0.001 | 2 | 11.134 * | 0.001 | 2 | 0.440 | 0.001 |
aw × T | 4 | 9.384 * | 0.001 | 4 | 3.435 * | 0.001 | 4 | 35.363 * | 0.001 | 4 | 26.373 * | 0.001 | 4 | 8.796 * | 0.001 | 4 | 5.466 * | 0.001 |
S × aw × T | 4 | 3.596 * | 0.001 | 4 | 3.460 | 0.001 | 4 | 0.676 | 0.001 | 4 | 8.383 * | 0.001 | 4 | 8.960 * | 0.001 | 4 | 0.087 | 0.001 |
Table 3.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on fusaric acid production by Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Table 3.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on fusaric acid production by Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains on PDA plate.
Source of Variation | F. andiyazi | F. fujikuroi | F. proliferatum | F. subglutinans | F. temperatum |
---|
df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS |
---|
S | 1 | 283.253 * | 4.498 × 109 | 1 | 64.840 * | 3.497 × 107 | 1 | 244.883 * | 6.994 × 108 | 1 | 0.491 | 7.803 × 106 | 1 | 61.901 * | 4.077 × 108 |
aw | 2 | 46.065 * | 7.316 × 108 | 2 | 40.200 * | 2.168 × 107 | 2 | 325.476 * | 9.296 × 108 | 2 | 80.839 * | 1.286 × 109 | 2 | 83.057 * | 5.471 × 108 |
T | 2 | 5.482 * | 8.706 × 107 | 2 | 49.426 * | 2.665 × 107 | 2 | 176.286 * | 5.035 × 108 | 2 | 167.441 * | 2.664 × 109 | 2 | 24.695 * | 1.627 × 108 |
I | 2 | 36.490 * | 5.795 × 108 | 2 | 7.334 * | 3.955 × 106 | 2 | 376.419 * | 1.075 × 109 | 2 | 26.050 * | 4.144 × 108 | 2 | 32.805 * | 2.161 × 108 |
S × aw | 2 | 28.696 * | 4.557 × 108 | 2 | 50.772 * | 2.738 × 107 | 2 | 135.728 * | 3.877 × 108 | 2 | 11.628 * | 1.850 × 108 | 2 | 16.350 * | 1.077 × 108 |
S × T | 2 | 31.014 * | 4.925 × 108 | 2 | 21.302 * | 1.149 × 107 | 2 | 258.669 * | 7.388 × 108 | 2 | 0.274 | 4.356 × 106 | 2 | 3.477 * | 2.290 × 107 |
S × I | 2 | 15.001 * | 2.382 × 108 | 2 | 12.886 * | 6.949 × 106 | 2 | 59.652 * | 1.704 × 108 | 2 | 1.333 | 2.120 × 107 | 2 | 12.038 * | 7.930 × 107 |
aw × T | 4 | 3.664 * | 5.818 × 107 | 4 | 9.254 * | 4.990 × 106 | 4 | 73.850 * | 2.109 × 108 | 4 | 41.383 * | 6.583 × 108 | 4 | 20.105 * | 1.324 × 108 |
aw × I | 4 | 37.044 * | 5.883 × 108 | 4 | 2.873 * | 1.549 × 106 | 4 | 76.443 * | 2.183 × 108 | 4 | 4.342 * | 6.908 × 107 | 4 | 10.866 * | 7.158 × 107 |
T × I | 4 | 7.559 * | 1.200 × 108 | 4 | 7.911 * | 4.266 × 106 | 4 | 41.091 * | 1.174 × 108 | 4 | 10.955 * | 1.743 × 108 | 4 | 4.342 * | 2.860 × 107 |
S × aw × T | 4 | 1.654 | 2.627 × 107 | 4 | 14.865 * | 8.016 × 106 | 4 | 44.084 * | 1.259 × 108 | 4 | 5.210 * | 8.289 × 107 | 4 | 20.633 * | 1.359 × 108 |
S × aw × I | 4 | 1.173 | 1.863 × 107 | 4 | 7.362 * | 3.970 × 106 | 4 | 35.331 * | 1.009 × 108 | 4 | 7.537 * | 1.199 × 108 | 4 | 3.127 * | 2.060 × 107 |
S × T × I | 4 | 4.912 * | 7.801 × 107 | 4 | 2.588 * | 1.396 × 106 | 4 | 65.870 * | 1.881 × 108 | 4 | 3.064 * | 4.874 × 107 | 4 | 0.937 | 6.173 × 106 |
aw × T × I | 8 | 5.666 * | 8.999 × 107 | 8 | 2.671 * | 6.831 × 106 | 8 | 29.330 * | 8.377 × 107 | 8 | 5.800 * | 9.226 × 107 | 8 | 4.584 * | 3.019 × 107 |
S × aw × T × I | 8 | 1.364 | 2.165 × 107 | 8 | 5.004 * | 2.699 × 106 | 8 | 11.696 * | 3.340 × 107 | 8 | 3.498 * | 5.565 × 107 | 8 | 9.041 * | 5.956 × 107 |
Table 4.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on fumonisin production by Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides strains on PDA plate.
Table 4.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on fumonisin production by Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides strains on PDA plate.
Source of Variation | F. fujikuroi | F. proliferatum | F. verticillioides |
---|
df | F | MS | df | F | MS | df | F | MS |
---|
S | 1 | 8.009 * | 1.609 × 107 | 1 | 114.647 * | 2.952 × 108 | 1 | 0.232 | 1.700 × 106 |
aw | 2 | 126.308 * | 2.537 × 108 | 2 | 294.806 * | 7.592 × 108 | 2 | 193.393 * | 1.417 × 107 |
T | 2 | 48.340 * | 9.709 × 107 | 2 | 197.072 * | 5.075 × 108 | 2 | 325.243 * | 2.383 × 107 |
I | 2 | 146.829 * | 2.949 × 108 | 2 | 161.533 * | 4.160 × 108 | 2 | 481.660 * | 3.529 × 107 |
S × aw | 2 | 13.125 * | 2.636 × 107 | 2 | 25.346 * | 6.527 × 107 | 2 | 5.666 * | 4.151 × 107 |
S × T | 2 | 0.001 | 7.669 × 102 | 2 | 24.966 * | 6.429 × 107 | 2 | 24.826 | 1.819 × 108 |
S × I | 2 | 1.754 | 3.523 × 106 | 2 | 19.119 * | 4.923 × 107 | 2 | 0.519 | 3.800 × 106 |
aw × T | 4 | 15.294 * | 3.072 × 107 | 4 | 56.099 * | 1.445 × 108 | 4 | 57.532 * | 4.215 × 108 |
aw × I | 4 | 31.036 * | 6.234 × 107 | 4 | 37.923 * | 9.766 × 107 | 4 | 51.646 * | 3.784 × 108 |
T × I | 4 | 30.765 * | 6.179 × 107 | 4 | 30.665 * | 7.896 × 107 | 4 | 96.912 * | 7.100 × 108 |
S × aw × T | 4 | 6.606 * | 1.327 × 107 | 4 | 15.778 * | 4.063 × 107 | 4 | 6.327 * | 4.635 × 107 |
S × aw × I | 4 | 11.726 * | 2.355 × 107 | 4 | 4.182 * | 1.077 × 107 | 4 | 4.257 * | 3.118 × 107 |
S × T × I | 4 | 4.315 * | 8.666 × 106 | 4 | 8.442 * | 2.174 × 107 | 4 | 10.196 * | 7.470 × 107 |
aw × T × I | 8 | 9.219 * | 1.852 × 107 | 8 | 8.389 * | 2.160 × 107 | 8 | 19.139 * | 1.402 × 108 |
S × aw × T × I | 8 | 5.032 * | 1.011 × 107 | 8 | 5.470 * | 1.408 × 107 | 8 | 2.347 * | 1.719 × 107 |
Table 5.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on moniliformin production by Fusarium andiyazi and F. fujikuroi on PDA plate.
Table 5.
Analysis of variance on the effects of strain (S), water activity (aw), temperature (T), incubation time (I), and their interactions on moniliformin production by Fusarium andiyazi and F. fujikuroi on PDA plate.
Source of Variation | F. andiyazi | F. fujikuroi |
---|
df | F | MS | df | F | MS |
---|
S | 1 | 165.819 * | 3.793 × 108 | 1 | 201.331 * | 7.644 × 107 |
aw | 2 | 53.713 * | 1.229 × 108 | 2 | 74.975 * | 2.847 × 107 |
T | 2 | 62.539 * | 1.431 × 108 | 2 | 86.057 * | 3.267 × 107 |
I | 2 | 112.895 * | 2.583 × 108 | 2 | 155.341 * | 5.898 × 107 |
S × aw | 2 | 20.811 * | 4.761 × 107 | 2 | 34.034 * | 1.292 × 107 |
S × T | 2 | 52.985 * | 1.212 × 108 | 2 | 23.524 * | 8.932 × 106 |
S × I | 2 | 57.470 * | 1.315 × 108 | 2 | 81.936 * | 3.111 × 107 |
aw × T | 4 | 10.817 * | 2.474 × 107 | 4 | 9.711 * | 3.687 × 106 |
aw × I | 4 | 14.864 * | 3.400 × 107 | 4 | 35.043 * | 1.331 × 107 |
T × I | 4 | 23.853 * | 5.457 × 107 | 4 | 29.757 * | 1.130 × 107 |
S × aw × T | 4 | 5.738 * | 1.313 × 107 | 4 | 16.148 * | 6.131 × 106 |
S × aw × I | 4 | 5.619 * | 1.286 × 107 | 4 | 20.626 * | 7.832 × 106 |
S × T × I | 4 | 15.636 * | 3.577 × 107 | 4 | 16.677 * | 6.332 × 106 |
aw × T × I | 8 | 6.476 * | 1.481 × 107 | 8 | 8.784 * | 3.335 × 106 |
S × aw × T × I | 8 | 3.991 * | 9.129 × 106 | 8 | 10.463 * | 3.973 × 106 |
Table 6.
The result of nonparametric analysis of FUM1 and FUM21 expression under different conditions.
Table 6.
The result of nonparametric analysis of FUM1 and FUM21 expression under different conditions.
FUM1 | N | Mean ± SD | aw | Temperature | Strain |
---|
H | P | H | P | Z | P |
---|
F. fujikuroi | 54 | 2.43 ± 3.03 | 5.836 | 0.054 | 3.125 | 0.210 | −2.829 | 0.005 |
F. proliferatum | 54 | 247.78 ± 427.05 | 4.728 | 0.296 | 25.129 | 0.000 | −2.638 | 0.008 |
F. verticillioides | 54 | 16.53 ± 31.12 | 15.569 | 0.000 | 13.151 | 0.001 | −3.555 | 0.000 |
FUM21 | N | Mean ± SD | aw | Temperature | Strain |
H | P | H | P | Z | P |
F. fujikuroi | 54 | 2.91 ± 2.96 | 14.875 | 0.001 | 8.255 | 0.016 | −1.055 | 0.291 |
F. proliferatum | 54 | 118.17 ± 204.60 | 9.078 | 0.002 | 6.735 | 0.034 | −3.694 | 0.000 |
F. verticillioides | 54 | 17.86 ± 25.57 | 2.056 | 0.358 | 0.842 | 0.656 | −6.306 | 0.000 |
Table 7.
The result of nonparametric analysis of FUB8 and FUB12 expression under different conditions.
Table 7.
The result of nonparametric analysis of FUB8 and FUB12 expression under different conditions.
FUB8 | N | Mean ± SD | aw | Temperature | Strain |
---|
H | P | H | P | Z | P |
---|
F. andiyazi | 54 | 189.99 ± 389.46 | 1.37 | 0.504 | 2.737 | 0.254 | −1.047 | 0.295 |
F. fujikuroi | 54 | 2.02 ± 2.97 | 5.347 | 0.069 | 6.528 | 0.038 | −5.216 | 0.000 |
F. proliferatum | 54 | 6.80 ± 9.77 | 1.009 | 0.411 | 0.269 | 0.874 | −2.673 | 0.008 |
F. subglutinans | 54 | 353.82 ± 1109.92 | 1.448 | 0.485 | 35.219 | 0.000 | −3.99 | 0.001 |
F. temperatum | 54 | 65.16 ± 84.90 | 6.034 | 0.049 | 3.658 | 0.161 | −5.821 | 0.000 |
F. verticillioides | 54 | 9.74 ± 9.90 | 2.667 | 0.264 | 4.376 | 0.112 | −1.791 | 0.073 |
FUB12 | N | Mean ± SD | aw | Temperature | Strain |
H | P | H | P | Z | P |
F. andiyazi | 54 | 80.76 ± 229.14 | 2.376 | 0.305 | 4.224 | 0.121 | −0.268 | 0.789 |
F. fujikuroi | 54 | 0.78 ± 0.86 | 16.753 | 0.000 | 3.723 | 0.155 | −4.593 | 0.000 |
F. proliferatum | 54 | 3.50 ± 4.25 | 0.374 | 1.000 | 4.987 | 0.083 | −3.746 | 0.000 |
F. subglutinans | 54 | 16.17 ± 31.82 | 2.67 | 0.263 | 14.821 | 0.001 | −4.922 | 0.000 |
F. temperatum | 54 | 8.87 ± 7.99 | 4.079 | 0.130 | 0.429 | 0.807 | −6.116 | 0.000 |
F. verticillioides | 54 | 2.55 ± 2.58 | 4.712 | 0.095 | 4.01 | 0.135 | −1.237 | 0.216 |
Table 8.
Origin of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains used in this study.
Table 8.
Origin of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex strains used in this study.
Strain | Code Name | Species | Host | Location | Year |
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C19239 | A1 | Fusarium andiyazi | Maize | Guizhou Province, southwestern China | 2019 |
C20180 | A2 | Fusarium andiyazi | Maize | Heliongjiang Province, northeastern China | 2020 |
C19232 | F1 | Fusarium fujikuroi | Maize | Guizhou Province, southwestern China | 2019 |
C20076 | F2 | Fusarium fujikuroi | Maize | Hubei Province, central China | 2020 |
C19215 | P1 | Fusarium proliferatum | Maize | Guizhou Province, southwestern China | 2019 |
C20281 | P2 | Fusarium proliferatum | Maize | Heliongjiang Province, northeastern China | 2020 |
C19068 | S1 | Fusarium subglutinans | Maize | Heliongjiang Province, northeastern China | 2019 |
C20215 | S2 | Fusarium subglutinans | Maize | Shaanxi Province, northwestern China | 2020 |
C20277 | T1 | Fusarium temperatum | Maize | Yunnan Province, southwestern China | 2020 |
C20278 | T2 | Fusarium temperatum | Maize | Yunnan Province, southwestern China | 2020 |
C19216 | V1 | Fusarium verticillioides | Maize | Henan Province, central China | 2019 |
C20334 | V2 | Fusarium verticillioides | Maize | Jiangsu Province, eastern China | 2020 |