Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Synthesis and Material Characterization
2.3. Gas sensing Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. XRD Studies
3.2. Raman Studies
3.3. SEM Studies
3.4. PL Studies
3.5. XPS Studies
3.6. NH3 Gas Sensing Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | 2θ, (200) (deg.) | FWHM (deg.) | Interplanar Spacing d (Å) | Crystallite Size D (nm) | Dislocation Density δ (×1014 Lines/m2) | Microstrain ε (×10−3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WO3 | 24.18 | 0.25297 | 3.677 | 32 | 9.7 | 1.1 |
Zn: WO3 | 24.18 | 0.27097 | 3.676 | 30 | 11.1 | 1.2 |
Conc. (ppm) | Sensor Response | Response Time (s) | Recovery Time (s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO3 | 1 | 0.15 | 156 | 200 |
3 | 0.40 | 198 | 159 | |
5 | 0.93 | 164 | 123 | |
Zn: WO3 | 1 | 0.24 | 89 | 188 |
3 | 0.65 | 118 | 176 | |
5 | 1.40 | 167 | 199 |
Material | NH3 Conc. (ppm) | Sensor Response | Operating Temperature (°C) | Method | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WO3 nanowires | 1500 | 9.7 | 250 | Sputtering and calcination | [40] |
WO3-Fe2O3 composites | 300 | 6 | 300 | Hydrothermal | [19] |
Pd-WO3 films | 10 | 0.27 | 225 | Spray Pyrolysis | [41] |
rGO/WO3nanowire composites | 100 | 11 | 300 | Hydrothermal | [17] |
Ru loaded WO3 nanosheets | 20 | 17.8 | 300 | Acidification with impregnation | [42] |
WO3@SnO2 core shell nanostructures | 15 | 1.5 | 200 | Hydrothermal | [43] |
Zn: WO3 nanostructures | 5 | 1.40 | 250 | Spray Pyrolysis | This work |
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Anusha; Kumari, P.; Poornesh, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Rao, A.; Kulkarni, S.D. Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas. Micromachines 2023, 14, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040732
Anusha, Kumari P, Poornesh P, Chattopadhyay S, Rao A, Kulkarni SD. Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas. Micromachines. 2023; 14(4):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040732
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnusha, Priyanka Kumari, P. Poornesh, Saikat Chattopadhyay, Ashok Rao, and Suresh D. Kulkarni. 2023. "Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas" Micromachines 14, no. 4: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040732