Microbial Biosensor for Characterization of a Microorganism: A Review focusing on the Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principles of Formation and Operation of Biosensor Models
2.1. Formation of a Laboratory Model of RMS and the Principle of Determining the Cells’ Response
2.2. Formation of a Laboratory Model of MMS and a Principle of Cells’ Response Determination
3. Applications of the Laboratory Model of Biosensor
3.1. Application of the RMS Model for Assessment of Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells and Activity of Enzyme Systems of Microbial Cells
3.2. Application of the Laboratory Model of the MMS for Assessment of Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells
3.3. Application of the Laboratory Models of the Microbial Sensors for Study of Inhibition by a Substrate
4. Preparation of the Culture-Receptor
4.1. Growth Conditions for the Microorganism (A Culture-Receptor)
4.2. Induction of Enzyme Systems of Culture-Receptor Cells under Non-Growth Conditions
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Turner, A.P.F.; Karube, I.; Wilson, G.S. Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Thévenot, D.R.; Toth, K.; Durst, R.A.; Wilson, G.S. Electrochemical biosensors: Recommended definitions and classification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2001, 16, 121–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bhalla, N.; Jolly, P.; Formisano, N.; Estrela, P. Introduction to biosensors. Essays Biochem. 2016, 60, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Huang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Kianfar, E. Nano Biosensors: Properties, applications and electrochemical techniques. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2021, 12, 1649–1672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teo, S.C.; Wong, L.S. Whole cell-based biosensors for environmental heavy metals detection. Annu. Res. Rev. Biol. 2014, 4, 2663–2674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bousse, L. Whole cell biosensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 1996, 34, 270–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alhadrami, H.A. Biosensors: Classifications, medical applications and future prospective. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 2018, 65, 497–508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, A.; Sharma, A.; Ahmed, A.; Sundramoorthy, A.K.; Furukawa, H.; Arya, S.; Khosla, A. Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors: Applications, challenges, and future scope. Biosens. Basel 2021, 11, 336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V. Microbial Sensor for Determining BOD5 of Municipal Wastewater. In Proceedings of the Mechanisms of Stability and Adaptation of Biological Systems to Natural and Technogenic Factors, Kirov, Russia, 22–25 April 2015; pp. 70–74. Available online: http://envjournal.ru/ecolab/1512.pdf (accessed on 25 September 2022). (In Russian).
- Racek, J. Cell-Based Biosensors; Technomic Publishing Company: Lancaster, UK; Basel, Switzerland, 1995; pp. 13–14. [Google Scholar]
- Emelyanova, E.V. Biosensor for maltose quantification and estimation of maltase activity. Adv. Biochips 2019, 1, 2–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Souzina, N.E.; Polivtseva, V.N.; Reshetilov, A.N.; Solyanikova, I.P. Survival and biodegradation activity of Gordonia polyisoprenivorans 135: Basics of a biosensor receptor. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 2017, 53, 580–586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bower, V.E.; Bates, R. pH values of the Clark and Lubs buffer solutions at 25 C. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 1955, 50, 197–200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dawson, R.M.C.; Elliott, D.C.; Elliott, W.H.; Jones, K.M. Data for Biochemical Research, 3rd ed.; Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK, 2008; p. 359. [Google Scholar]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Reshetilov, A.N. Estimation of Diffusion for Different Receptor Elements of a Microbial Biosensor. In Proceedings of the Physics and Radioelectronics in Medicine and Ecology—FREME’2016, Vladimir-Suzdal, Russia, 5–7 July 2016; pp. 166–169. Available online: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28179005 (accessed on 25 September 2022). (Abstract in English).
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Solyanikova, I.P. Evaluation of phenol-degradation activity of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP using immobilized and intact cells. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (IJEST) 2020, 17, 2279–2294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Solyanikova, I.P.; Borzova, O.V.; Emelyanova, E.V. Kinetics of interaction between substrates/substrate analogs and benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from benzoate-degrading Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 2017, 62, 355–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Solyanikova, I.P. Evaluation of 3-chlorobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase inhibition by 2- and 4-chlorobenzoate with a cell-based technique. Biosensors 2019, 9, 106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Emelyanova, E.V. A conceptually new approach to functioning of a cell-based biosensor: The method of pulse addition for a miniature reactor biosensor. Curr. Top. Biochem. Res. 2018, 19, 43–47. [Google Scholar]
- Emelyanova, E.V. Relationship between magnesium and iron uptake by the yeast Candida ethanolica. Process Biochem. 2001, 36, 517–523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Solyanikova, I.P. Understanding the mechanism of formation of a response to juglone for intact and immobilized bacterial cells as recognition elements of microbial sensors: Processes causing the biosensor response. Biosensors 2021, 11, 56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Solyanikova, I.P. Specificity of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP cells’ responses to benzoate and 3-chlorobenzoate. Front. Biosci. Elite 2022, 14, 15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Reshetilov, A.N. Activity of Pseudomonas rathonis T cells as the receptor component of membrane biosensors for detecting surfactants. Microbiology 2002, 71, 238–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Reshetilov, A.N. Rhodococcus erythropolis as the receptor of cell-based sensor for 2,4-dinitrophenol detection: Effect of ‘co-oxidation’. Process Biochem. 2002, 37, 683–692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V. Method of Cooxidation for Biosensor Determination of Low Concentrations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water. In Proceedings of the Drinking Water in the XXI Century, Irkutsk, Russia, 23–28 September 2013; pp. 32–33. Available online: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22909992 (accessed on 25 September 2022). (In English).
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Antipova, T.V. Biosensor approach for electrochemical quantitative assessment and qualitative characterization of the effect of fusaric acid on a culture-receptor. J. Biotechnol. 2022, 357, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kurganov, B.I. Allosteric Enzymes: Kinetic Behavior, 1st ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1982. [Google Scholar]
- Farr, D.R.; Cain, R.B. Catechol oxygenase induction in Pseudomonas aeruginose. Biochem. J. 1968, 106, 879–885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Solyanikova, I.P.; Emelyanova, E.V.; Borzova, O.V.; Golovleva, L.A. Benzoate degradation by Rhodococcus opacus 1CP after a dormancy: Characterization of dioxygenases involved in the process. J. Environ. Sci. Health 2016, 51, 182–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dixon, M.; Webb, E.C.; Thorne, C.J.R.; Tipton, K.F. Enzyme, 3rd ed.; Longmans, Green: London, UK, 1979. [Google Scholar]
- Krupyanko, V.I. Correction of Dixon plots. Eur. Chem. Bull. 2015, 4, 142–153. [Google Scholar]
- Emelyanova, E.V. Graphical approach to compare concentration constants of Hill and Michaelis-Menten equations. J. Biotechnol. Biomed. Sci. 2018, 1, 94–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Solyanikova, I.P.; Borzova, O.V.; Emelyanova, E.V.; Shumkova, E.S.; Prisyazhnaya, N.V.; Plotnikova, E.G.; Golovleva, L.A. Dioxygenases of chlorobiphenyl-degrading species Rhodococcus wratislaviensis G10 and chlorophenol-degrading species Rhodococcus opacus 1CP induced in benzoate-grown cells and genes potentially involved in these processes. Biochemistry 2016, 81, 986–998. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Solyanikova, I.P.; Suzina, N.E.; Emelyanova, E.V.; Polivtseva, V.N.; Pshenichnikova, A.B.; Lobanok, A.G.; Golovleva, L.A. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of a benzoate-degrading strain Rhodococcus opacus 1CP under stress conditions. Microbiology 2017, 86, 202–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emelyanova, E.V.; Solyanikova, I.P. Benzoate concentration and cooperativity by a substrate for benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from benzoate-degrading Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. J. Biotechnol. Biomed. Sci. 2017, 1, 38–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Type of Microbial Sensor | Processes Caused Biosensor Response to Substrate * | Application of Biosensor Models for Investigation |
---|---|---|
RMS | Initial metabolism of substrate in cells of culture-receptor | - Activity of enzyme initiating metabolism of substrate - Substrate inhibition of enzyme initiating metabolism - Indication of constitutiveness (for uninduced cells) or inducibility (for induced cells) of enzyme initiating metabolism - Estimation of the type of kinetics for enzyme-substrate interaction |
MMS | Transport of substrate into cells of culture-receptor and ** Initial metabolism of substrate in cells of culture-receptor | - Evaluation of the process of constitutive transport of substrate into uninduced cells *** - Assessment of complex constants characterizing both processes: transport and metabolism of substrate - Substrate inhibition of both processes: transport and metabolism of substrate - The influence of the substrate on the microorganism (culture-receptor) |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Emelyanova, E. Microbial Biosensor for Characterization of a Microorganism: A Review focusing on the Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells. Micromachines 2023, 14, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040733
Emelyanova E. Microbial Biosensor for Characterization of a Microorganism: A Review focusing on the Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells. Micromachines. 2023; 14(4):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040733
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmelyanova, Elena. 2023. "Microbial Biosensor for Characterization of a Microorganism: A Review focusing on the Biochemical Activity of Microbial Cells" Micromachines 14, no. 4: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040733